gcc/ChangeLog:

[gcc/gcc.git] / gcc / cp / typeck.c

/* Build expressions with type checking for C++ compiler.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Hacked by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


/* This file is part of the C++ front end.
   It contains routines to build C++ expressions given their operands,
   including computing the types of the result, C and C++ specific error
   checks, and some optimization.

   There are also routines to build RETURN_STMT nodes and CASE_STMT nodes,
   and to process initializations in declarations (since they work
   like a strange sort of assignment).  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "cp-tree.h"
#include "tm_p.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "diagnostic.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "convert.h"

static tree convert_for_assignment (tree, tree, const char *, tree, int);
static tree cp_pointer_int_sum (enum tree_code, tree, tree);
static tree rationalize_conditional_expr (enum tree_code, tree);
static int comp_ptr_ttypes_real (tree, tree, int);
static int comp_ptr_ttypes_const (tree, tree);
static bool comp_except_types (tree, tree, bool);
static bool comp_array_types (tree, tree, bool);
static tree common_base_type (tree, tree);
static tree lookup_anon_field (tree, tree);
static tree pointer_diff (tree, tree, tree);
static tree get_delta_difference (tree, tree, int);
static void casts_away_constness_r (tree *, tree *);
static bool casts_away_constness (tree, tree);
static void maybe_warn_about_returning_address_of_local (tree);
static tree lookup_destructor (tree, tree, tree);

/* Return the target type of TYPE, which means return T for:
   T*, T&, T[], T (...), and otherwise, just T.  */

tree
target_type (tree type)
{
  type = non_reference (type);
  while (TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE
         || TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
         || TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
         || TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE
         || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type))
    type = TREE_TYPE (type);
  return type;
}

/* Do `exp = require_complete_type (exp);' to make sure exp
   does not have an incomplete type.  (That includes void types.)
   Returns the error_mark_node if the VALUE does not have
   complete type when this function returns.  */

tree
require_complete_type (tree value)
{
  tree type;

  if (processing_template_decl || value == error_mark_node)
    return value;

  if (TREE_CODE (value) == OVERLOAD)
    type = unknown_type_node;
  else
    type = TREE_TYPE (value);

  /* First, detect a valid value with a complete type.  */
  if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
    return value;

  if (complete_type_or_else (type, value))
    return value;
  else
    return error_mark_node;
}

/* Try to complete TYPE, if it is incomplete.  For example, if TYPE is
   a template instantiation, do the instantiation.  Returns TYPE,
   whether or not it could be completed, unless something goes
   horribly wrong, in which case the error_mark_node is returned.  */

tree
complete_type (tree type)
{
  if (type == NULL_TREE)
    /* Rather than crash, we return something sure to cause an error
       at some point.  */
    return error_mark_node;

  if (type == error_mark_node || COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
    ;
  else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
    {
      tree t = complete_type (TREE_TYPE (type));
      if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (t) && ! processing_template_decl)
        layout_type (type);
      TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (type)
        = TYPE_NEEDS_CONSTRUCTING (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t));
      TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type)
        = TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t));
    }
  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type) && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (type))
    instantiate_class_template (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type));

  return type;
}

/* Like complete_type, but issue an error if the TYPE cannot be completed.
   VALUE is used for informative diagnostics.  DIAG_TYPE indicates the type
   of diagnostic: 0 for an error, 1 for a warning, 2 for a pedwarn.
   Returns NULL_TREE if the type cannot be made complete.  */

tree
complete_type_or_diagnostic (tree type, tree value, int diag_type)
{
  type = complete_type (type);
  if (type == error_mark_node)
    /* We already issued an error.  */
    return NULL_TREE;
  else if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
    {
      cxx_incomplete_type_diagnostic (value, type, diag_type);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  else
    return type;
}

/* Return truthvalue of whether type of EXP is instantiated.  */

int
type_unknown_p (tree exp)
{
  return (TREE_CODE (exp) == TREE_LIST
          || TREE_TYPE (exp) == unknown_type_node);
}

\f
/* Return the common type of two parameter lists.
   We assume that comptypes has already been done and returned 1;
   if that isn't so, this may crash.

   As an optimization, free the space we allocate if the parameter
   lists are already common.  */

tree
commonparms (tree p1, tree p2)
{
  tree oldargs = p1, newargs, n;
  int i, len;
  int any_change = 0;

  len = list_length (p1);
  newargs = tree_last (p1);

  if (newargs == void_list_node)
    i = 1;
  else
    {
      i = 0;
      newargs = 0;
    }

  for (; i < len; i++)
    newargs = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, newargs);

  n = newargs;

  for (i = 0; p1;
       p1 = TREE_CHAIN (p1), p2 = TREE_CHAIN (p2), n = TREE_CHAIN (n), i++)
    {
      if (TREE_PURPOSE (p1) && !TREE_PURPOSE (p2))
        {
          TREE_PURPOSE (n) = TREE_PURPOSE (p1);
          any_change = 1;
        }
      else if (! TREE_PURPOSE (p1))
        {
          if (TREE_PURPOSE (p2))
            {
              TREE_PURPOSE (n) = TREE_PURPOSE (p2);
              any_change = 1;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (1 != simple_cst_equal (TREE_PURPOSE (p1), TREE_PURPOSE (p2)))
            any_change = 1;
          TREE_PURPOSE (n) = TREE_PURPOSE (p2);
        }
      if (TREE_VALUE (p1) != TREE_VALUE (p2))
        {
          any_change = 1;
          TREE_VALUE (n) = merge_types (TREE_VALUE (p1), TREE_VALUE (p2));
        }
      else
        TREE_VALUE (n) = TREE_VALUE (p1);
    }
  if (! any_change)
    return oldargs;

  return newargs;
}

/* Given a type, perhaps copied for a typedef,
   find the "original" version of it.  */
tree
original_type (tree t)
{
  while (TYPE_NAME (t) != NULL_TREE)
    {
      tree x = TYPE_NAME (t);
      if (TREE_CODE (x) != TYPE_DECL)
        break;
      x = DECL_ORIGINAL_TYPE (x);
      if (x == NULL_TREE)
        break;
      t = x;
    }
  return t;
}

/* T1 and T2 are arithmetic or enumeration types.  Return the type
   that will result from the "usual arithmetic conversions" on T1 and
   T2 as described in [expr].  */

tree
type_after_usual_arithmetic_conversions (tree t1, tree t2)
{
  enum tree_code code1 = TREE_CODE (t1);
  enum tree_code code2 = TREE_CODE (t2);
  tree attributes;

  /* FIXME: Attributes.  */
  my_friendly_assert (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (t1) 
                      || TREE_CODE (t1) == COMPLEX_TYPE
                      || TREE_CODE (t1) == ENUMERAL_TYPE,
                      19990725);
  my_friendly_assert (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (t2) 
                      || TREE_CODE (t2) == COMPLEX_TYPE
                      || TREE_CODE (t2) == ENUMERAL_TYPE,
                      19990725);

  /* In what follows, we slightly generalize the rules given in [expr] so
     as to deal with `long long' and `complex'.  First, merge the
     attributes.  */
  attributes = (*targetm.merge_type_attributes) (t1, t2);

  /* If one type is complex, form the common type of the non-complex
     components, then make that complex.  Use T1 or T2 if it is the
     required type.  */
  if (code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE || code2 == COMPLEX_TYPE)
    {
      tree subtype1 = code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE ? TREE_TYPE (t1) : t1;
      tree subtype2 = code2 == COMPLEX_TYPE ? TREE_TYPE (t2) : t2;
      tree subtype
        = type_after_usual_arithmetic_conversions (subtype1, subtype2);

      if (code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE && TREE_TYPE (t1) == subtype)
        return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
      else if (code2 == COMPLEX_TYPE && TREE_TYPE (t2) == subtype)
        return build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);
      else
        return build_type_attribute_variant (build_complex_type (subtype),
                                             attributes);
    }

  /* If only one is real, use it as the result.  */
  if (code1 == REAL_TYPE && code2 != REAL_TYPE)
    return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
  if (code2 == REAL_TYPE && code1 != REAL_TYPE)
    return build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);

  /* Perform the integral promotions.  */
  if (code1 != REAL_TYPE)
    {
      t1 = type_promotes_to (t1);
      t2 = type_promotes_to (t2);
    }

  /* Both real or both integers; use the one with greater precision.  */
  if (TYPE_PRECISION (t1) > TYPE_PRECISION (t2))
    return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
  else if (TYPE_PRECISION (t2) > TYPE_PRECISION (t1))
    return build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);

  /* The types are the same; no need to do anything fancy.  */
  if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2))
    return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);

  if (code1 != REAL_TYPE)
    {
      /* If one is a sizetype, use it so size_binop doesn't blow up.  */
      if (TYPE_IS_SIZETYPE (t1) > TYPE_IS_SIZETYPE (t2))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
      if (TYPE_IS_SIZETYPE (t2) > TYPE_IS_SIZETYPE (t1))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);

      /* If one is unsigned long long, then convert the other to unsigned
         long long.  */
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), long_long_unsigned_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), long_long_unsigned_type_node))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (long_long_unsigned_type_node,
                                             attributes);
      /* If one is a long long, and the other is an unsigned long, and
         long long can represent all the values of an unsigned long, then
         convert to a long long.  Otherwise, convert to an unsigned long
         long.  Otherwise, if either operand is long long, convert the
         other to long long.
         
         Since we're here, we know the TYPE_PRECISION is the same;
         therefore converting to long long cannot represent all the values
         of an unsigned long, so we choose unsigned long long in that
         case.  */
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), long_long_integer_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), long_long_integer_type_node))
        {
          tree t = ((TYPE_UNSIGNED (t1) || TYPE_UNSIGNED (t2))
                    ? long_long_unsigned_type_node 
                    : long_long_integer_type_node);
          return build_type_attribute_variant (t, attributes);
        }
      
      /* Go through the same procedure, but for longs.  */
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), long_unsigned_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), long_unsigned_type_node))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (long_unsigned_type_node,
                                             attributes);
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), long_integer_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), long_integer_type_node))
        {
          tree t = ((TYPE_UNSIGNED (t1) || TYPE_UNSIGNED (t2))
                    ? long_unsigned_type_node : long_integer_type_node);
          return build_type_attribute_variant (t, attributes);
        }
      /* Otherwise prefer the unsigned one.  */
      if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (t1))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
      else
        return build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);
    }
  else
    {
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), long_double_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), long_double_type_node))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (long_double_type_node,
                                             attributes);
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), double_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), double_type_node))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (double_type_node,
                                             attributes);
      if (same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), float_type_node)
          || same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2), float_type_node))
        return build_type_attribute_variant (float_type_node,
                                             attributes);
      
      /* Two floating-point types whose TYPE_MAIN_VARIANTs are none of
         the standard C++ floating-point types.  Logic earlier in this
         function has already eliminated the possibility that
         TYPE_PRECISION (t2) != TYPE_PRECISION (t1), so there's no
         compelling reason to choose one or the other.  */
      return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
    }
}

/* Subroutine of composite_pointer_type to implement the recursive
   case.  See that function for documentation fo the parameters.  */

static tree
composite_pointer_type_r (tree t1, tree t2, const char* location)
{
  tree pointee1;
  tree pointee2;
  tree result_type;
  tree attributes;

  /* Determine the types pointed to by T1 and T2.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) == POINTER_TYPE)
    {
      pointee1 = TREE_TYPE (t1);
      pointee2 = TREE_TYPE (t2);
    }
  else
    {
      pointee1 = TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (t1);
      pointee2 = TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (t2);
    }

  /* [expr.rel]

     Otherwise, the composite pointer type is a pointer type
     similar (_conv.qual_) to the type of one of the operands,
     with a cv-qualification signature (_conv.qual_) that is the
     union of the cv-qualification signatures of the operand
     types.  */
  if (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (pointee1, pointee2))
    result_type = pointee1;
  else if ((TREE_CODE (pointee1) == POINTER_TYPE
            && TREE_CODE (pointee2) == POINTER_TYPE)
           || (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (pointee1)
               && TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (pointee2)))
    result_type = composite_pointer_type_r (pointee1, pointee2, location);
  else
    {
      pedwarn ("%s between distinct pointer types `%T' and `%T' "
               "lacks a cast",
               location, t1, t2);
      result_type = void_type_node;
    }
  result_type = cp_build_qualified_type (result_type,
                                         (cp_type_quals (pointee1)
                                          | cp_type_quals (pointee2)));
  /* If the original types were pointers to members, so is the
     result.  */
  if (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (t1))
    {
      if (!same_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t1),
                        TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t2)))
        pedwarn ("%s between distinct pointer types `%T' and `%T' "
                 "lacks a cast",
                 location, t1, t2);
      result_type = build_ptrmem_type (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t1),
                                       result_type);
    }
  else
    result_type = build_pointer_type (result_type);

  /* Merge the attributes.  */
  attributes = (*targetm.merge_type_attributes) (t1, t2);
  return build_type_attribute_variant (result_type, attributes);
}

/* Return the composite pointer type (see [expr.rel]) for T1 and T2.
   ARG1 and ARG2 are the values with those types.  The LOCATION is a
   string describing the current location, in case an error occurs. 

   This routine also implements the computation of a common type for
   pointers-to-members as per [expr.eq].  */

tree 
composite_pointer_type (tree t1, tree t2, tree arg1, tree arg2,
                        const char* location)
{
  tree class1;
  tree class2;

  /* [expr.rel]

     If one operand is a null pointer constant, the composite pointer
     type is the type of the other operand.  */
  if (null_ptr_cst_p (arg1))
    return t2;
  if (null_ptr_cst_p (arg2))
    return t1;
 
  /* We have:

       [expr.rel]

       If one of the operands has type "pointer to cv1 void*", then
       the other has type "pointer to cv2T", and the composite pointer
       type is "pointer to cv12 void", where cv12 is the union of cv1
       and cv2.

    If either type is a pointer to void, make sure it is T1.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t2) == POINTER_TYPE && VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t2)))
    {
      tree t;
      t = t1;
      t1 = t2;
      t2 = t;
    }

  /* Now, if T1 is a pointer to void, merge the qualifiers.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) == POINTER_TYPE && VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t1)))
    {
      tree attributes;
      tree result_type;

      if (pedantic && TYPE_PTRFN_P (t2))
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids %s between pointer of type `void *' and pointer-to-function", location);
      result_type 
        = cp_build_qualified_type (void_type_node,
                                   (cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (t1))
                                    | cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (t2))));
      result_type = build_pointer_type (result_type);
      /* Merge the attributes.  */
      attributes = (*targetm.merge_type_attributes) (t1, t2);
      return build_type_attribute_variant (result_type, attributes);
    }

  /* [expr.eq] permits the application of a pointer conversion to
     bring the pointers to a common type.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) == POINTER_TYPE && TREE_CODE (t2) == POINTER_TYPE
      && CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t1))
      && CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t2))
      && !same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (TREE_TYPE (t1),
                                                     TREE_TYPE (t2)))
    {
      class1 = TREE_TYPE (t1);
      class2 = TREE_TYPE (t2);

      if (DERIVED_FROM_P (class1, class2))
        t2 = (build_pointer_type 
              (cp_build_qualified_type (class1, TYPE_QUALS (class2))));
      else if (DERIVED_FROM_P (class2, class1))
        t1 = (build_pointer_type 
              (cp_build_qualified_type (class2, TYPE_QUALS (class1))));
      else
        {
          error ("%s between distinct pointer types `%T' and `%T' "
                 "lacks a cast", location, t1, t2);
          return error_mark_node;
        }
    }
  /* [expr.eq] permits the application of a pointer-to-member
     conversion to change the class type of one of the types.  */
  else if (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (t1)
           && !same_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t1),
                            TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t2)))
    {
      class1 = TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t1);
      class2 = TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t2);

      if (DERIVED_FROM_P (class1, class2))
        t1 = build_ptrmem_type (class2, TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (t1));
      else if (DERIVED_FROM_P (class2, class1))
        t2 = build_ptrmem_type (class1, TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (t2));
      else
        {
          error ("%s between distinct pointer-to-member types `%T' and `%T' "
                 "lacks a cast", location, t1, t2);
          return error_mark_node;
        }
    }

  return composite_pointer_type_r (t1, t2, location);
}

/* Return the merged type of two types.
   We assume that comptypes has already been done and returned 1;
   if that isn't so, this may crash.

   This just combines attributes and default arguments; any other
   differences would cause the two types to compare unalike.  */

tree
merge_types (tree t1, tree t2)
{
  enum tree_code code1;
  enum tree_code code2;
  tree attributes;

  /* Save time if the two types are the same.  */
  if (t1 == t2)
    return t1;
  if (original_type (t1) == original_type (t2))
    return t1;

  /* If one type is nonsense, use the other.  */
  if (t1 == error_mark_node)
    return t2;
  if (t2 == error_mark_node)
    return t1;

  /* Merge the attributes.  */
  attributes = (*targetm.merge_type_attributes) (t1, t2);

  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t1))
    t1 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t1);
  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t2))
    t2 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t2);

  code1 = TREE_CODE (t1);
  code2 = TREE_CODE (t2);

  switch (code1)
    {
    case POINTER_TYPE:
    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
      /* For two pointers, do this recursively on the target type.  */
      {
        tree target = merge_types (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2));
        int quals = cp_type_quals (t1);

        if (code1 == POINTER_TYPE)
          t1 = build_pointer_type (target);
        else
          t1 = build_reference_type (target);
        t1 = build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
        t1 = cp_build_qualified_type (t1, quals);

        if (TREE_CODE (target) == METHOD_TYPE)
          t1 = build_ptrmemfunc_type (t1);

        return t1;
      }

    case OFFSET_TYPE:
      {
        int quals;
        tree pointee;
        quals = cp_type_quals (t1);
        pointee = merge_types (TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (t1),
                               TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (t2));
        t1 = build_ptrmem_type (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (t1),
                                pointee);
        t1 = cp_build_qualified_type (t1, quals);
        break;
      }

    case ARRAY_TYPE:
      {
        tree elt = merge_types (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2));
        /* Save space: see if the result is identical to one of the args.  */
        if (elt == TREE_TYPE (t1) && TYPE_DOMAIN (t1))
          return build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
        if (elt == TREE_TYPE (t2) && TYPE_DOMAIN (t2))
          return build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);
        /* Merge the element types, and have a size if either arg has one.  */
        t1 = build_cplus_array_type
          (elt, TYPE_DOMAIN (TYPE_DOMAIN (t1) ? t1 : t2));
        break;
      }

    case FUNCTION_TYPE:
      /* Function types: prefer the one that specified arg types.
         If both do, merge the arg types.  Also merge the return types.  */
      {
        tree valtype = merge_types (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2));
        tree p1 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t1);
        tree p2 = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t2);
        tree rval, raises;

        /* Save space: see if the result is identical to one of the args.  */
        if (valtype == TREE_TYPE (t1) && ! p2)
          return cp_build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
        if (valtype == TREE_TYPE (t2) && ! p1)
          return cp_build_type_attribute_variant (t2, attributes);

        /* Simple way if one arg fails to specify argument types.  */
        if (p1 == NULL_TREE || TREE_VALUE (p1) == void_type_node)
          {
            rval = build_function_type (valtype, p2);
            if ((raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (t2)))
              rval = build_exception_variant (rval, raises);
            return cp_build_type_attribute_variant (rval, attributes);
          }
        raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (t1);
        if (p2 == NULL_TREE || TREE_VALUE (p2) == void_type_node)
          {
            rval = build_function_type (valtype, p1);
            if (raises)
              rval = build_exception_variant (rval, raises);
            return cp_build_type_attribute_variant (rval, attributes);
          }

        rval = build_function_type (valtype, commonparms (p1, p2));
        t1 = build_exception_variant (rval, raises);
        break;
      }

    case METHOD_TYPE:
      {
        /* Get this value the long way, since TYPE_METHOD_BASETYPE
           is just the main variant of this.  */
        tree basetype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t2)));
        tree raises = TYPE_RAISES_EXCEPTIONS (t1);
        tree t3;

        /* If this was a member function type, get back to the
           original type of type member function (i.e., without
           the class instance variable up front.  */
        t1 = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (t1),
                                  TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t1)));
        t2 = build_function_type (TREE_TYPE (t2),
                                  TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t2)));
        t3 = merge_types (t1, t2);
        t3 = build_method_type_directly (basetype, TREE_TYPE (t3),
                                         TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t3));
        t1 = build_exception_variant (t3, raises);
        break;
      }

    case TYPENAME_TYPE:
      /* There is no need to merge attributes into a TYPENAME_TYPE.
         When the type is instantiated it will have whatever
         attributes result from the instantiation.  */
      return t1;

    default:;
    }
  return cp_build_type_attribute_variant (t1, attributes);
}

/* Return the common type of two types.
   We assume that comptypes has already been done and returned 1;
   if that isn't so, this may crash.

   This is the type for the result of most arithmetic operations
   if the operands have the given two types.  */

tree
common_type (tree t1, tree t2)
{
  enum tree_code code1;
  enum tree_code code2;

  /* If one type is nonsense, bail.  */
  if (t1 == error_mark_node || t2 == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  code1 = TREE_CODE (t1);
  code2 = TREE_CODE (t2);

  if ((ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (t1) || code1 == ENUMERAL_TYPE
       || code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE)
      && (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (t2) || code2 == ENUMERAL_TYPE
          || code2 == COMPLEX_TYPE))
    return type_after_usual_arithmetic_conversions (t1, t2);

  else if ((TYPE_PTR_P (t1) && TYPE_PTR_P (t2))
           || (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (t1) && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (t2))
           || (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t1) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t2)))
    return composite_pointer_type (t1, t2, error_mark_node, error_mark_node,
                                   "conversion");
  else
    abort ();
}
\f
/* Compare two exception specifier types for exactness or subsetness, if
   allowed. Returns false for mismatch, true for match (same, or
   derived and !exact).
 
   [except.spec] "If a class X ... objects of class X or any class publicly
   and unambiguously derived from X. Similarly, if a pointer type Y * ...
   exceptions of type Y * or that are pointers to any type publicly and
   unambiguously derived from Y. Otherwise a function only allows exceptions
   that have the same type ..."
   This does not mention cv qualifiers and is different to what throw
   [except.throw] and catch [except.catch] will do. They will ignore the
   top level cv qualifiers, and allow qualifiers in the pointer to class
   example.
   
   We implement the letter of the standard.  */

static bool
comp_except_types (tree a, tree b, bool exact)
{
  if (same_type_p (a, b))
    return true;
  else if (!exact)
    {
      if (cp_type_quals (a) || cp_type_quals (b))
        return false;
      
      if (TREE_CODE (a) == POINTER_TYPE
          && TREE_CODE (b) == POINTER_TYPE)
        {
          a = TREE_TYPE (a);
          b = TREE_TYPE (b);
          if (cp_type_quals (a) || cp_type_quals (b))
            return false;
        }
      
      if (TREE_CODE (a) != RECORD_TYPE
          || TREE_CODE (b) != RECORD_TYPE)
        return false;
      
      if (ACCESSIBLY_UNIQUELY_DERIVED_P (a, b))
        return true;
    }
  return false;
}

/* Return true if TYPE1 and TYPE2 are equivalent exception specifiers.
   If EXACT is false, T2 can be stricter than T1 (according to 15.4/7),
   otherwise it must be exact. Exception lists are unordered, but
   we've already filtered out duplicates. Most lists will be in order,
   we should try to make use of that.  */

bool
comp_except_specs (tree t1, tree t2, bool exact)
{
  tree probe;
  tree base;
  int  length = 0;

  if (t1 == t2)
    return true;
  
  if (t1 == NULL_TREE)              /* T1 is ...  */
    return t2 == NULL_TREE || !exact;
  if (!TREE_VALUE (t1)) /* t1 is EMPTY */
    return t2 != NULL_TREE && !TREE_VALUE (t2);
  if (t2 == NULL_TREE)              /* T2 is ...  */
    return false;
  if (TREE_VALUE (t1) && !TREE_VALUE (t2)) /* T2 is EMPTY, T1 is not */
    return !exact;
  
  /* Neither set is ... or EMPTY, make sure each part of T2 is in T1.
     Count how many we find, to determine exactness. For exact matching and
     ordered T1, T2, this is an O(n) operation, otherwise its worst case is
     O(nm).  */
  for (base = t1; t2 != NULL_TREE; t2 = TREE_CHAIN (t2))
    {
      for (probe = base; probe != NULL_TREE; probe = TREE_CHAIN (probe))
        {
          tree a = TREE_VALUE (probe);
          tree b = TREE_VALUE (t2);
          
          if (comp_except_types (a, b, exact))
            {
              if (probe == base && exact)
                base = TREE_CHAIN (probe);
              length++;
              break;
            }
        }
      if (probe == NULL_TREE)
        return false;
    }
  return !exact || base == NULL_TREE || length == list_length (t1);
}

/* Compare the array types T1 and T2.  ALLOW_REDECLARATION is true if
   [] can match [size].  */

static bool
comp_array_types (tree t1, tree t2, bool allow_redeclaration)
{
  tree d1;
  tree d2;
  tree max1, max2;

  if (t1 == t2)
    return true;

  /* The type of the array elements must be the same.  */
  if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2)))
    return false;

  d1 = TYPE_DOMAIN (t1);
  d2 = TYPE_DOMAIN (t2);

  if (d1 == d2)
    return true;

  /* If one of the arrays is dimensionless, and the other has a
     dimension, they are of different types.  However, it is valid to
     write:

       extern int a[];
       int a[3];

     by [basic.link]: 

       declarations for an array object can specify
       array types that differ by the presence or absence of a major
       array bound (_dcl.array_).  */
  if (!d1 || !d2)
    return allow_redeclaration;

  /* Check that the dimensions are the same.  */

  if (!cp_tree_equal (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (d1), TYPE_MIN_VALUE (d2)))
    return false;
  max1 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (d1);
  max2 = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (d2);
  if (processing_template_decl && !abi_version_at_least (2)
      && !value_dependent_expression_p (max1)
      && !value_dependent_expression_p (max2))
    {
      /* With abi-1 we do not fold non-dependent array bounds, (and
         consequently mangle them incorrectly).  We must therefore
         fold them here, to verify the domains have the same
         value.  */
      max1 = fold (max1);
      max2 = fold (max2);
    }

  if (!cp_tree_equal (max1, max2))
    return false;

  return true;
}

/* Return true if T1 and T2 are related as allowed by STRICT.  STRICT
   is a bitwise-or of the COMPARE_* flags.  */

bool
comptypes (tree t1, tree t2, int strict)
{
  if (t1 == t2)
    return true;

  /* Suppress errors caused by previously reported errors.  */
  if (t1 == error_mark_node || t2 == error_mark_node)
    return false;
  
  my_friendly_assert (TYPE_P (t1) && TYPE_P (t2), 20030623);
  
  /* TYPENAME_TYPEs should be resolved if the qualifying scope is the
     current instantiation.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
    {
      tree resolved = resolve_typename_type (t1, /*only_current_p=*/true);

      if (resolved != error_mark_node)
        t1 = resolved;
    }
  
  if (TREE_CODE (t2) == TYPENAME_TYPE)
    {
      tree resolved = resolve_typename_type (t2, /*only_current_p=*/true);

      if (resolved != error_mark_node)
        t2 = resolved;
    }

  /* If either type is the internal version of sizetype, use the
     language version.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_IS_SIZETYPE (t1)
      && TYPE_ORIG_SIZE_TYPE (t1))
    t1 = TYPE_ORIG_SIZE_TYPE (t1);

  if (TREE_CODE (t2) == INTEGER_TYPE && TYPE_IS_SIZETYPE (t2)
      && TYPE_ORIG_SIZE_TYPE (t2))
    t2 = TYPE_ORIG_SIZE_TYPE (t2);

  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t1))
    t1 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t1);
  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t2))
    t2 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t2);

  /* Different classes of types can't be compatible.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) != TREE_CODE (t2))
    return false;

  /* Qualifiers must match.  For array types, we will check when we
     recur on the array element types.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) != ARRAY_TYPE
      && TYPE_QUALS (t1) != TYPE_QUALS (t2))
    return false;
  if (TYPE_FOR_JAVA (t1) != TYPE_FOR_JAVA (t2))
    return false;

  /* Allow for two different type nodes which have essentially the same
     definition.  Note that we already checked for equality of the type
     qualifiers (just above).  */

  if (TREE_CODE (t1) != ARRAY_TYPE
      && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2))
    return true;

  if (!(*targetm.comp_type_attributes) (t1, t2))
    return false;

  switch (TREE_CODE (t1))
    {
    case TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
    case BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM:
      if (TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (t1) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (t2)
          || TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (t1) != TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (t2))
        return false;
      if (!comp_template_parms
          (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_TEMPLATE_DECL (t1)),
           DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM_TEMPLATE_DECL (t2))))
        return false;
      if (TREE_CODE (t1) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
        return true;
      /* Don't check inheritance.  */
      strict = COMPARE_STRICT;
      /* Fall through.  */

    case RECORD_TYPE:
    case UNION_TYPE:
      if (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t1) && TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (t2)
          && (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t1) == TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (t2)
              || TREE_CODE (t1) == BOUND_TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM)
          && comp_template_args (TYPE_TI_ARGS (t1), TYPE_TI_ARGS (t2)))
        return true;
      
      if ((strict & COMPARE_BASE) && DERIVED_FROM_P (t1, t2))
        return true;
      else if ((strict & COMPARE_DERIVED) && DERIVED_FROM_P (t2, t1))
        return true;
      
      return false;

    case OFFSET_TYPE:
      if (!comptypes (TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (t1), TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (t2),
                      strict & ~COMPARE_REDECLARATION))
        return false;
      /* Fall through. */

    case POINTER_TYPE:
    case REFERENCE_TYPE:
      return same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2));

    case METHOD_TYPE:
    case FUNCTION_TYPE:
      if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2)))
        return false;
      return compparms (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t1), TYPE_ARG_TYPES (t2));

    case ARRAY_TYPE:
      /* Target types must match incl. qualifiers.  */
      return comp_array_types (t1, t2, !!(strict & COMPARE_REDECLARATION));

    case TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM:
      return (TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (t1) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_IDX (t2)
              && TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (t1) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_LEVEL (t2));

    case TYPENAME_TYPE:
      if (!cp_tree_equal (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (t1),
                          TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (t2)))
        return false;
      return same_type_p (TYPE_CONTEXT (t1), TYPE_CONTEXT (t2));

    case UNBOUND_CLASS_TEMPLATE:
      if (!cp_tree_equal (TYPE_IDENTIFIER (t1), TYPE_IDENTIFIER (t2)))
        return false;
      return same_type_p (TYPE_CONTEXT (t1), TYPE_CONTEXT (t2));

    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
      return same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2));

    case VECTOR_TYPE:
      return TYPE_VECTOR_SUBPARTS (t1) == TYPE_VECTOR_SUBPARTS (t2)
             && same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (t1), TREE_TYPE (t2));
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }
  return false;
}

/* Returns 1 if TYPE1 is at least as qualified as TYPE2.  */

bool
at_least_as_qualified_p (tree type1, tree type2)
{
  int q1 = cp_type_quals (type1);
  int q2 = cp_type_quals (type2);
  
  /* All qualifiers for TYPE2 must also appear in TYPE1.  */
  return (q1 & q2) == q2;
}

/* Returns 1 if TYPE1 is more qualified than TYPE2.  */

bool
more_qualified_p (tree type1, tree type2)
{
  int q1 = cp_type_quals (type1);
  int q2 = cp_type_quals (type2);

  return q1 != q2 && (q1 & q2) == q2;
}

/* Returns 1 if TYPE1 is more cv-qualified than TYPE2, -1 if TYPE2 is
   more cv-qualified that TYPE1, and 0 otherwise.  */

int
comp_cv_qualification (tree type1, tree type2)
{
  int q1 = cp_type_quals (type1);
  int q2 = cp_type_quals (type2);

  if (q1 == q2)
    return 0;

  if ((q1 & q2) == q2)
    return 1;
  else if ((q1 & q2) == q1)
    return -1;

  return 0;
}

/* Returns 1 if the cv-qualification signature of TYPE1 is a proper
   subset of the cv-qualification signature of TYPE2, and the types
   are similar.  Returns -1 if the other way 'round, and 0 otherwise.  */

int
comp_cv_qual_signature (tree type1, tree type2)
{
  if (comp_ptr_ttypes_real (type2, type1, -1))
    return 1;
  else if (comp_ptr_ttypes_real (type1, type2, -1))
    return -1;
  else
    return 0;
}

/* If two types share a common base type, return that basetype.
   If there is not a unique most-derived base type, this function
   returns ERROR_MARK_NODE.  */

static tree
common_base_type (tree tt1, tree tt2)
{
  tree best = NULL_TREE;
  int i;

  /* If one is a baseclass of another, that's good enough.  */
  if (UNIQUELY_DERIVED_FROM_P (tt1, tt2))
    return tt1;
  if (UNIQUELY_DERIVED_FROM_P (tt2, tt1))
    return tt2;

  /* Otherwise, try to find a unique baseclass of TT1
     that is shared by TT2, and follow that down.  */
  for (i = CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (tt1)-1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      tree basetype = TYPE_BINFO_BASETYPE (tt1, i);
      tree trial = common_base_type (basetype, tt2);
      if (trial)
        {
          if (trial == error_mark_node)
            return trial;
          if (best == NULL_TREE)
            best = trial;
          else if (best != trial)
            return error_mark_node;
        }
    }

  /* Same for TT2.  */
  for (i = CLASSTYPE_N_BASECLASSES (tt2)-1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      tree basetype = TYPE_BINFO_BASETYPE (tt2, i);
      tree trial = common_base_type (tt1, basetype);
      if (trial)
        {
          if (trial == error_mark_node)
            return trial;
          if (best == NULL_TREE)
            best = trial;
          else if (best != trial)
            return error_mark_node;
        }
    }
  return best;
}
\f
/* Subroutines of `comptypes'.  */

/* Return true if two parameter type lists PARMS1 and PARMS2 are
   equivalent in the sense that functions with those parameter types
   can have equivalent types.  The two lists must be equivalent,
   element by element.  */

bool
compparms (tree parms1, tree parms2)
{
  tree t1, t2;

  /* An unspecified parmlist matches any specified parmlist
     whose argument types don't need default promotions.  */

  for (t1 = parms1, t2 = parms2;
       t1 || t2;
       t1 = TREE_CHAIN (t1), t2 = TREE_CHAIN (t2))
    {
      /* If one parmlist is shorter than the other,
         they fail to match.  */
      if (!t1 || !t2)
        return false;
      if (!same_type_p (TREE_VALUE (t1), TREE_VALUE (t2)))
        return false;
    }
  return true;
}

\f
/* Process a sizeof or alignof expression where the operand is a
   type.  */

tree
cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_type (tree type, enum tree_code op, bool complain)
{
  enum tree_code type_code;
  tree value;
  const char *op_name;

  my_friendly_assert (op == SIZEOF_EXPR || op == ALIGNOF_EXPR, 20020720);
  if (type == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;
  
  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      value = build_min (op, size_type_node, type);
      TREE_READONLY (value) = 1;
      return value;
    }
  
  op_name = operator_name_info[(int) op].name;

  type = non_reference (type);
  type_code = TREE_CODE (type);

  if (type_code == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      if (complain && (pedantic || warn_pointer_arith))
        pedwarn ("invalid application of `%s' to a member function", op_name);
      value = size_one_node;
    }
  else
    value = c_sizeof_or_alignof_type (complete_type (type), op, complain);

  return value;
}

/* Process a sizeof or alignof expression where the operand is an
   expression.  */

tree
cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_expr (tree e, enum tree_code op)
{
  const char *op_name = operator_name_info[(int) op].name;
  
  if (e == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;
  
  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      e = build_min (op, size_type_node, e);
      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (e) = 0;
      TREE_READONLY (e) = 1;
      
      return e;
    }
  
  if (TREE_CODE (e) == COMPONENT_REF
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (e, 1)) == FIELD_DECL
      && DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (TREE_OPERAND (e, 1)))
    {
      error ("invalid application of `%s' to a bit-field", op_name);
      e = char_type_node;
    }
  else if (is_overloaded_fn (e))
    {
      pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids applying `%s' to an expression of function type", op_name);
      e = char_type_node;
    }
  else if (type_unknown_p (e))
    {
      cxx_incomplete_type_error (e, TREE_TYPE (e));
      e = char_type_node;
    }
  else
    e = TREE_TYPE (e);
  
  return cxx_sizeof_or_alignof_type (e, op, true);
}
  
\f
/* Perform the conversions in [expr] that apply when an lvalue appears
   in an rvalue context: the lvalue-to-rvalue, array-to-pointer, and
   function-to-pointer conversions.

   In addition manifest constants are replaced by their values.  */

tree
decay_conversion (tree exp)
{
  tree type;
  enum tree_code code;

  type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
  code = TREE_CODE (type);

  if (code == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    {
      exp = convert_from_reference (exp);
      type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
      code = TREE_CODE (type);
    }

  if (type == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (type_unknown_p (exp))
    {
      cxx_incomplete_type_error (exp, TREE_TYPE (exp));
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  
  /* Constants can be used directly unless they're not loadable.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == CONST_DECL)
    exp = DECL_INITIAL (exp);
  /* Replace a nonvolatile const static variable with its value.  We
     don't do this for arrays, though; we want the address of the
     first element of the array, not the address of the first element
     of its initializing constant.  */
  else if (code != ARRAY_TYPE)
    {
      exp = decl_constant_value (exp);
      type = TREE_TYPE (exp);
    }

  /* build_c_cast puts on a NOP_EXPR to make the result not an lvalue.
     Leave such NOP_EXPRs, since RHS is being used in non-lvalue context.  */

  if (code == VOID_TYPE)
    {
      error ("void value not ignored as it ought to be");
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  if (code == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      error ("invalid use of non-static member function");
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  if (code == FUNCTION_TYPE || is_overloaded_fn (exp))
    return build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, exp, 0);
  if (code == ARRAY_TYPE)
    {
      tree adr;
      tree ptrtype;

      if (TREE_CODE (exp) == INDIRECT_REF)
        return build_nop (build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (type)), 
                          TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0));

      if (TREE_CODE (exp) == COMPOUND_EXPR)
        {
          tree op1 = decay_conversion (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 1));
          return build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (op1),
                        TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0), op1);
        }

      if (!lvalue_p (exp)
          && ! (TREE_CODE (exp) == CONSTRUCTOR && TREE_STATIC (exp)))
        {
          error ("invalid use of non-lvalue array");
          return error_mark_node;
        }

      ptrtype = build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (type));

      if (TREE_CODE (exp) == VAR_DECL)
        {
          if (!cxx_mark_addressable (exp))
            return error_mark_node;
          adr = build_nop (ptrtype, build_address (exp));
          TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (adr) = 0;   /* Default would be, same as EXP.  */
          return adr;
        }
      /* This way is better for a COMPONENT_REF since it can
         simplify the offset for a component.  */
      adr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, exp, 1);
      return cp_convert (ptrtype, adr);
    }

  /* [basic.lval]: Class rvalues can have cv-qualified types; non-class
     rvalues always have cv-unqualified types.  */
  if (! CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
    exp = cp_convert (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type), exp);

  return exp;
}

tree
default_conversion (tree exp)
{
  exp = decay_conversion (exp);

  if (INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (exp)))
    exp = perform_integral_promotions (exp);

  return exp;
}

/* EXPR is an expression with an integral or enumeration type.
   Perform the integral promotions in [conv.prom], and return the
   converted value.  */

tree
perform_integral_promotions (tree expr)
{
  tree type;
  tree promoted_type;

  type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
  my_friendly_assert (INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (type), 20030703);
  promoted_type = type_promotes_to (type);
  if (type != promoted_type)
    expr = cp_convert (promoted_type, expr);
  return expr;
}

/* Take the address of an inline function without setting TREE_ADDRESSABLE
   or TREE_USED.  */

tree
inline_conversion (tree exp)
{
  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    exp = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (exp)), exp);

  return exp;
}

/* Returns nonzero iff exp is a STRING_CST or the result of applying
   decay_conversion to one.  */

int
string_conv_p (tree totype, tree exp, int warn)
{
  tree t;

  if (! flag_const_strings || TREE_CODE (totype) != POINTER_TYPE)
    return 0;

  t = TREE_TYPE (totype);
  if (!same_type_p (t, char_type_node)
      && !same_type_p (t, wchar_type_node))
    return 0;

  if (TREE_CODE (exp) == STRING_CST)
    {
      /* Make sure that we don't try to convert between char and wchar_t.  */
      if (!same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (exp))), t))
        return 0;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Is this a string constant which has decayed to 'const char *'?  */
      t = build_pointer_type (build_qualified_type (t, TYPE_QUAL_CONST));
      if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (exp), t))
        return 0;
      STRIP_NOPS (exp);
      if (TREE_CODE (exp) != ADDR_EXPR
          || TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (exp, 0)) != STRING_CST)
        return 0;
    }

  /* This warning is not very useful, as it complains about printf.  */
  if (warn && warn_write_strings)
    warning ("deprecated conversion from string constant to `%T'", totype);

  return 1;
}

/* Given a COND_EXPR, MIN_EXPR, or MAX_EXPR in T, return it in a form that we
   can, for example, use as an lvalue.  This code used to be in
   unary_complex_lvalue, but we needed it to deal with `a = (d == c) ? b : c'
   expressions, where we're dealing with aggregates.  But now it's again only
   called from unary_complex_lvalue.  The case (in particular) that led to
   this was with CODE == ADDR_EXPR, since it's not an lvalue when we'd
   get it there.  */

static tree
rationalize_conditional_expr (enum tree_code code, tree t)
{
  /* For MIN_EXPR or MAX_EXPR, fold-const.c has arranged things so that
     the first operand is always the one to be used if both operands
     are equal, so we know what conditional expression this used to be.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == MIN_EXPR || TREE_CODE (t) == MAX_EXPR)
    {
      return
        build_conditional_expr (build_x_binary_op ((TREE_CODE (t) == MIN_EXPR
                                                    ? LE_EXPR : GE_EXPR),
                                                   TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
                                                   TREE_OPERAND (t, 1),
                                                   /*overloaded_p=*/NULL),
                            build_unary_op (code, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), 0),
                            build_unary_op (code, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), 0));
    }

  return
    build_conditional_expr (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0),
                            build_unary_op (code, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), 0),
                            build_unary_op (code, TREE_OPERAND (t, 2), 0));
}

/* Given the TYPE of an anonymous union field inside T, return the
   FIELD_DECL for the field.  If not found return NULL_TREE.  Because
   anonymous unions can nest, we must also search all anonymous unions
   that are directly reachable.  */

static tree
lookup_anon_field (tree t, tree type)
{
  tree field;

  for (field = TYPE_FIELDS (t); field; field = TREE_CHAIN (field))
    {
      if (TREE_STATIC (field))
        continue;
      if (TREE_CODE (field) != FIELD_DECL || DECL_ARTIFICIAL (field))
        continue;

      /* If we find it directly, return the field.  */
      if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
          && type == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (field)))
        {
          return field;
        }

      /* Otherwise, it could be nested, search harder.  */
      if (DECL_NAME (field) == NULL_TREE
          && ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (field)))
        {
          tree subfield = lookup_anon_field (TREE_TYPE (field), type);
          if (subfield)
            return subfield;
        }
    }
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Build an expression representing OBJECT.MEMBER.  OBJECT is an
   expression; MEMBER is a DECL or baselink.  If ACCESS_PATH is
   non-NULL, it indicates the path to the base used to name MEMBER.
   If PRESERVE_REFERENCE is true, the expression returned will have
   REFERENCE_TYPE if the MEMBER does.  Otherwise, the expression
   returned will have the type referred to by the reference. 

   This function does not perform access control; that is either done
   earlier by the parser when the name of MEMBER is resolved to MEMBER
   itself, or later when overload resolution selects one of the
   functions indicated by MEMBER.  */

tree
build_class_member_access_expr (tree object, tree member, 
                                tree access_path, bool preserve_reference)
{
  tree object_type;
  tree member_scope;
  tree result = NULL_TREE;

  if (object == error_mark_node || member == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (TREE_CODE (member) == PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR)
    return member;

  my_friendly_assert (DECL_P (member) || BASELINK_P (member),
                      20020801);

  /* [expr.ref]

     The type of the first expression shall be "class object" (of a
     complete type).  */
  object_type = TREE_TYPE (object);
  if (!currently_open_class (object_type) 
      && !complete_type_or_else (object_type, object))
    return error_mark_node;
  if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (object_type))
    {
      error ("request for member `%D' in `%E', which is of non-class type `%T'", 
             member, object, object_type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* The standard does not seem to actually say that MEMBER must be a
     member of OBJECT_TYPE.  However, that is clearly what is
     intended.  */
  if (DECL_P (member))
    {
      member_scope = DECL_CLASS_CONTEXT (member);
      mark_used (member);
      if (TREE_DEPRECATED (member))
        warn_deprecated_use (member);
    }
  else
    member_scope = BINFO_TYPE (BASELINK_BINFO (member));
  /* If MEMBER is from an anonymous aggregate, MEMBER_SCOPE will
     presently be the anonymous union.  Go outwards until we find a
     type related to OBJECT_TYPE.  */
  while (ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (member_scope)
         && !same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (member_scope,
                                                        object_type))
    member_scope = TYPE_CONTEXT (member_scope);
  if (!member_scope || !DERIVED_FROM_P (member_scope, object_type))
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (member) == FIELD_DECL)
        error ("invalid use of nonstatic data member '%E'", member);
      else
        error ("`%D' is not a member of `%T'", member, object_type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* Transform `(a, b).x' into `(*(a, &b)).x', `(a ? b : c).x' into
     `(*(a ?  &b : &c)).x', and so on.  A COND_EXPR is only an lvalue
     in the frontend; only _DECLs and _REFs are lvalues in the backend.  */
  {
    tree temp = unary_complex_lvalue (ADDR_EXPR, object);
    if (temp)
      object = build_indirect_ref (temp, NULL);
  }

  /* In [expr.ref], there is an explicit list of the valid choices for
     MEMBER.  We check for each of those cases here.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (member) == VAR_DECL)
    {
      /* A static data member.  */
      result = member;
      /* If OBJECT has side-effects, they are supposed to occur.  */
      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (object))
        result = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (result), object, result);
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (member) == FIELD_DECL)
    {
      /* A non-static data member.  */
      bool null_object_p;
      int type_quals;
      tree member_type;

      null_object_p = (TREE_CODE (object) == INDIRECT_REF
                       && integer_zerop (TREE_OPERAND (object, 0)));

      /* Convert OBJECT to the type of MEMBER.  */
      if (!same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (object_type),
                        TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (member_scope)))
        {
          tree binfo;
          base_kind kind;

          binfo = lookup_base (access_path ? access_path : object_type,
                               member_scope, ba_ignore,  &kind);
          if (binfo == error_mark_node)
            return error_mark_node;

          /* It is invalid to try to get to a virtual base of a
             NULL object.  The most common cause is invalid use of
             offsetof macro.  */
          if (null_object_p && kind == bk_via_virtual)
            {
              error ("invalid access to non-static data member `%D' of NULL object",
                     member);
              error ("(perhaps the `offsetof' macro was used incorrectly)");
              return error_mark_node;
            }

          /* Convert to the base.  */
          object = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, object, binfo, 
                                    /*nonnull=*/1);
          /* If we found the base successfully then we should be able
             to convert to it successfully.  */
          my_friendly_assert (object != error_mark_node,
                              20020801);
        }

      /* Complain about other invalid uses of offsetof, even though they will
         give the right answer.  Note that we complain whether or not they
         actually used the offsetof macro, since there's no way to know at this
         point.  So we just give a warning, instead of a pedwarn.  */
      if (null_object_p && warn_invalid_offsetof
          && CLASSTYPE_NON_POD_P (object_type))
        {
          warning ("invalid access to non-static data member `%D' of NULL object", 
                   member);
          warning  ("(perhaps the `offsetof' macro was used incorrectly)");
        }

      /* If MEMBER is from an anonymous aggregate, we have converted
         OBJECT so that it refers to the class containing the
         anonymous union.  Generate a reference to the anonymous union
         itself, and recur to find MEMBER.  */
      if (ANON_AGGR_TYPE_P (DECL_CONTEXT (member))
          /* When this code is called from build_field_call, the
             object already has the type of the anonymous union.
             That is because the COMPONENT_REF was already
             constructed, and was then disassembled before calling
             build_field_call.  After the function-call code is
             cleaned up, this waste can be eliminated.  */
          && (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p 
              (TREE_TYPE (object), DECL_CONTEXT (member))))
        {
          tree anonymous_union;

          anonymous_union = lookup_anon_field (TREE_TYPE (object),
                                               DECL_CONTEXT (member));
          object = build_class_member_access_expr (object,
                                                   anonymous_union,
                                                   /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
                                                   preserve_reference);
        }

      /* Compute the type of the field, as described in [expr.ref].  */
      type_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
      member_type = TREE_TYPE (member);
      if (TREE_CODE (member_type) != REFERENCE_TYPE)
        {
          type_quals = (cp_type_quals (member_type)  
                        | cp_type_quals (object_type));
          
          /* A field is const (volatile) if the enclosing object, or the
             field itself, is const (volatile).  But, a mutable field is
             not const, even within a const object.  */
          if (DECL_MUTABLE_P (member))
            type_quals &= ~TYPE_QUAL_CONST;
          member_type = cp_build_qualified_type (member_type, type_quals);
        }

      result = fold (build (COMPONENT_REF, member_type, object, member));

      /* Mark the expression const or volatile, as appropriate.  Even
         though we've dealt with the type above, we still have to mark the
         expression itself.  */
      if (type_quals & TYPE_QUAL_CONST)
        TREE_READONLY (result) = 1;
      else if (type_quals & TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE)
        TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (result) = 1;
    }
  else if (BASELINK_P (member))
    {
      /* The member is a (possibly overloaded) member function.  */
      tree functions;
      tree type;

      /* If the MEMBER is exactly one static member function, then we
         know the type of the expression.  Otherwise, we must wait
         until overload resolution has been performed.  */
      functions = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (member);
      if (TREE_CODE (functions) == FUNCTION_DECL
          && DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (functions))
        type = TREE_TYPE (functions);
      else
        type = unknown_type_node;
      /* Note that we do not convert OBJECT to the BASELINK_BINFO
         base.  That will happen when the function is called.  */
      result = build (COMPONENT_REF, type, object, member);
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE (member) == CONST_DECL)
    {
      /* The member is an enumerator.  */
      result = member;
      /* If OBJECT has side-effects, they are supposed to occur.  */
      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (object))
        result = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (result),
                        object, result);
    }
  else
    {
      error ("invalid use of `%D'", member);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (!preserve_reference)
    /* [expr.ref]
       
       If E2 is declared to have type "reference to T", then ... the
       type of E1.E2 is T.  */
    result = convert_from_reference (result);

  return result;
}

/* Return the destructor denoted by OBJECT.SCOPE::~DTOR_NAME, or, if
   SCOPE is NULL, by OBJECT.~DTOR_NAME.  */

static tree
lookup_destructor (tree object, tree scope, tree dtor_name)
{
  tree object_type = TREE_TYPE (object);
  tree dtor_type = TREE_OPERAND (dtor_name, 0);
  tree expr;

  if (scope && !check_dtor_name (scope, dtor_name))
    {
      error ("qualified type `%T' does not match destructor name `~%T'",
             scope, dtor_type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  if (!DERIVED_FROM_P (dtor_type, TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (object_type)))
    {
      error ("the type being destroyed is `%T', but the destructor refers to `%T'",
             TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (object_type), dtor_type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  if (!TYPE_HAS_DESTRUCTOR (dtor_type))
    return build (PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR, void_type_node, object, scope,
                  dtor_type);
  expr = lookup_member (dtor_type, complete_dtor_identifier,
                        /*protect=*/1, /*want_type=*/false);
  expr = (adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup
          (expr, dtor_type, object_type));
  return expr;
}

/* This function is called by the parser to process a class member
   access expression of the form OBJECT.NAME.  NAME is a node used by
   the parser to represent a name; it is not yet a DECL.  It may,
   however, be a BASELINK where the BASELINK_FUNCTIONS is a
   TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR.  Templates must be looked up by the parser, and
   there is no reason to do the lookup twice, so the parser keeps the
   BASELINK.  */

tree
finish_class_member_access_expr (tree object, tree name)
{
  tree expr;
  tree object_type;
  tree member;
  tree access_path = NULL_TREE;
  tree orig_object = object;
  tree orig_name = name;

  if (object == error_mark_node || name == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  object_type = TREE_TYPE (object);

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      if (/* If OBJECT_TYPE is dependent, so is OBJECT.NAME.  */
          dependent_type_p (object_type)
          /* If NAME is just an IDENTIFIER_NODE, then the expression
             is dependent.  */
          || TREE_CODE (object) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
          /* If NAME is "f<args>", where either 'f' or 'args' is
             dependent, then the expression is dependent.  */
          || (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
              && dependent_template_id_p (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0),
                                          TREE_OPERAND (name, 1)))
          /* If NAME is "T::X" where "T" is dependent, then the
             expression is dependent.  */
          || (TREE_CODE (name) == SCOPE_REF
              && TYPE_P (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0))
              && dependent_type_p (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0))))
        return build_min_nt (COMPONENT_REF, object, name);
      object = build_non_dependent_expr (object);
    }
  
  if (TREE_CODE (object_type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    {
      object = convert_from_reference (object);
      object_type = TREE_TYPE (object);
    }

  /* [expr.ref]

     The type of the first expression shall be "class object" (of a
     complete type).  */
  if (!currently_open_class (object_type) 
      && !complete_type_or_else (object_type, object))
    return error_mark_node;
  if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (object_type))
    {
      error ("request for member `%D' in `%E', which is of non-class type `%T'", 
             name, object, object_type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (BASELINK_P (name))
    {
      /* A member function that has already been looked up.  */
      my_friendly_assert ((TREE_CODE (BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (name)) 
                           == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR), 
                          20020805);
      member = name;
    }
  else
    {
      bool is_template_id = false;
      tree template_args = NULL_TREE;
      tree scope;

      if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
        {
          is_template_id = true;
          template_args = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
          name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);

          if (TREE_CODE (name) == OVERLOAD)
            name = DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (name));
          else if (DECL_P (name))
            name = DECL_NAME (name);
        }

      if (TREE_CODE (name) == SCOPE_REF)
        {
          /* A qualified name.  The qualifying class or namespace `S' has
             already been looked up; it is either a TYPE or a
             NAMESPACE_DECL.  The member name is either an IDENTIFIER_NODE
             or a BIT_NOT_EXPR.  */
          scope = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);
          name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
          my_friendly_assert ((CLASS_TYPE_P (scope) 
                               || TREE_CODE (scope) == NAMESPACE_DECL),
                              20020804);
          my_friendly_assert ((TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
                               || TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR),
                              20020804);

          /* If SCOPE is a namespace, then the qualified name does not
             name a member of OBJECT_TYPE.  */
          if (TREE_CODE (scope) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
            {
              error ("`%D::%D' is not a member of `%T'", 
                     scope, name, object_type);
              return error_mark_node;
            }

          /* Find the base of OBJECT_TYPE corresponding to SCOPE.  */
          access_path = lookup_base (object_type, scope, ba_check, NULL);
          if (access_path == error_mark_node)
            return error_mark_node;
          if (!access_path)
            {
              error ("`%T' is not a base of `%T'", scope, object_type);
              return error_mark_node;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          scope = NULL_TREE;
          access_path = object_type;
        }

      if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
        member = lookup_destructor (object, scope, name);
      else
        {
          /* Look up the member.  */
          member = lookup_member (access_path, name, /*protect=*/1, 
                                  /*want_type=*/false);
          if (member == NULL_TREE)
            {
              error ("'%D' has no member named '%E'", object_type, name);
              return error_mark_node;
            }
          if (member == error_mark_node)
            return error_mark_node;
        }
      
      if (is_template_id)
        {
          tree template = member;
          
          if (BASELINK_P (template))
            template = lookup_template_function (template, template_args);
          else
            {
              error ("`%D' is not a member template function", name);
              return error_mark_node;
            }
        }
    }

  if (TREE_DEPRECATED (member))
    warn_deprecated_use (member);

  expr = build_class_member_access_expr (object, member, access_path,
                                         /*preserve_reference=*/false);
  if (processing_template_decl && expr != error_mark_node)
    return build_min_non_dep (COMPONENT_REF, expr,
                              orig_object, orig_name);
  return expr;
}

/* Return an expression for the MEMBER_NAME field in the internal
   representation of PTRMEM, a pointer-to-member function.  (Each
   pointer-to-member function type gets its own RECORD_TYPE so it is
   more convenient to access the fields by name than by FIELD_DECL.)
   This routine converts the NAME to a FIELD_DECL and then creates the
   node for the complete expression.  */

tree
build_ptrmemfunc_access_expr (tree ptrmem, tree member_name)
{
  tree ptrmem_type;
  tree member;
  tree member_type;

  /* This code is a stripped down version of
     build_class_member_access_expr.  It does not work to use that
     routine directly because it expects the object to be of class
     type.  */
  ptrmem_type = TREE_TYPE (ptrmem);
  my_friendly_assert (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (ptrmem_type), 20020804);
  member = lookup_member (ptrmem_type, member_name, /*protect=*/0,
                          /*want_type=*/false);
  member_type = cp_build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (member),
                                         cp_type_quals (ptrmem_type));
  return fold (build (COMPONENT_REF, member_type, ptrmem, member));
}

/* Given an expression PTR for a pointer, return an expression
   for the value pointed to.
   ERRORSTRING is the name of the operator to appear in error messages.

   This function may need to overload OPERATOR_FNNAME.
   Must also handle REFERENCE_TYPEs for C++.  */

tree
build_x_indirect_ref (tree expr, const char *errorstring)
{
  tree orig_expr = expr;
  tree rval;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      if (type_dependent_expression_p (expr))
        return build_min_nt (INDIRECT_REF, expr);
      expr = build_non_dependent_expr (expr);
    }

  rval = build_new_op (INDIRECT_REF, LOOKUP_NORMAL, expr, NULL_TREE,
                       NULL_TREE, /*overloaded_p=*/NULL);
  if (!rval)
    rval = build_indirect_ref (expr, errorstring);

  if (processing_template_decl && rval != error_mark_node)
    return build_min_non_dep (INDIRECT_REF, rval, orig_expr);
  else
    return rval;
}

tree
build_indirect_ref (tree ptr, const char *errorstring)
{
  tree pointer, type;

  if (ptr == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (ptr == current_class_ptr)
    return current_class_ref;

  pointer = (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ptr)) == REFERENCE_TYPE
             ? ptr : decay_conversion (ptr));
  type = TREE_TYPE (pointer);

  if (TYPE_PTR_P (type) || TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    {
      /* [expr.unary.op]
         
         If the type of the expression is "pointer to T," the type
         of  the  result  is  "T."   

         We must use the canonical variant because certain parts of
         the back end, like fold, do pointer comparisons between
         types.  */
      tree t = canonical_type_variant (TREE_TYPE (type));

      if (VOID_TYPE_P (t))
        {
          /* A pointer to incomplete type (other than cv void) can be
             dereferenced [expr.unary.op]/1  */
          error ("`%T' is not a pointer-to-object type", type);
          return error_mark_node;
        }
      else if (TREE_CODE (pointer) == ADDR_EXPR
               && same_type_p (t, TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (pointer, 0))))
        /* The POINTER was something like `&x'.  We simplify `*&x' to
           `x'.  */
        return TREE_OPERAND (pointer, 0);
      else
        {
          tree ref = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, t, pointer);

          /* We *must* set TREE_READONLY when dereferencing a pointer to const,
             so that we get the proper error message if the result is used
             to assign to.  Also, &* is supposed to be a no-op.  */
          TREE_READONLY (ref) = CP_TYPE_CONST_P (t);
          TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ref) = CP_TYPE_VOLATILE_P (t);
          TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (ref)
            = (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ref) || TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (pointer));
          return ref;
        }
    }
  /* `pointer' won't be an error_mark_node if we were given a
     pointer to member, so it's cool to check for this here.  */
  else if (TYPE_PTR_TO_MEMBER_P (type))
    error ("invalid use of `%s' on pointer to member", errorstring);
  else if (pointer != error_mark_node)
    {
      if (errorstring)
        error ("invalid type argument of `%s'", errorstring);
      else
        error ("invalid type argument");
    }
  return error_mark_node;
}

/* This handles expressions of the form "a[i]", which denotes
   an array reference.

   This is logically equivalent in C to *(a+i), but we may do it differently.
   If A is a variable or a member, we generate a primitive ARRAY_REF.
   This avoids forcing the array out of registers, and can work on
   arrays that are not lvalues (for example, members of structures returned
   by functions).

   If INDEX is of some user-defined type, it must be converted to
   integer type.  Otherwise, to make a compatible PLUS_EXPR, it
   will inherit the type of the array, which will be some pointer type.  */

tree
build_array_ref (tree array, tree idx)
{
  if (idx == 0)
    {
      error ("subscript missing in array reference");
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (TREE_TYPE (array) == error_mark_node
      || TREE_TYPE (idx) == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* If ARRAY is a COMPOUND_EXPR or COND_EXPR, move our reference
     inside it.  */
  switch (TREE_CODE (array))
    {
    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
      {
        tree value = build_array_ref (TREE_OPERAND (array, 1), idx);
        return build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (value),
                      TREE_OPERAND (array, 0), value);
      }

    case COND_EXPR:
      return build_conditional_expr
        (TREE_OPERAND (array, 0),
         build_array_ref (TREE_OPERAND (array, 1), idx),
         build_array_ref (TREE_OPERAND (array, 2), idx));

    default:
      break;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (array)) == ARRAY_TYPE
      && TREE_CODE (array) != INDIRECT_REF)
    {
      tree rval, type;

      /* Subscripting with type char is likely to lose
         on a machine where chars are signed.
         So warn on any machine, but optionally.
         Don't warn for unsigned char since that type is safe.
         Don't warn for signed char because anyone who uses that
         must have done so deliberately.  */
      if (warn_char_subscripts
          && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (idx)) == char_type_node)
        warning ("array subscript has type `char'");

      if (!INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (idx)))
        {
          error ("array subscript is not an integer");
          return error_mark_node;
        }

      /* Apply integral promotions *after* noticing character types.
         (It is unclear why we do these promotions -- the standard
         does not say that we should.  In fact, the natual thing would
         seem to be to convert IDX to ptrdiff_t; we're performing
         pointer arithmetic.)  */
      idx = perform_integral_promotions (idx);

      /* An array that is indexed by a non-constant
         cannot be stored in a register; we must be able to do
         address arithmetic on its address.
         Likewise an array of elements of variable size.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (idx) != INTEGER_CST
          || (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (array)))
              && (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (array))))
                  != INTEGER_CST)))
        {
          if (!cxx_mark_addressable (array))
            return error_mark_node;
        }

      /* An array that is indexed by a constant value which is not within
         the array bounds cannot be stored in a register either; because we
         would get a crash in store_bit_field/extract_bit_field when trying
         to access a non-existent part of the register.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (idx) == INTEGER_CST
          && TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (array))
          && ! int_fits_type_p (idx, TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (array))))
        {
          if (!cxx_mark_addressable (array))
            return error_mark_node;
        }

      if (pedantic && !lvalue_p (array))
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids subscripting non-lvalue array");

      /* Note in C++ it is valid to subscript a `register' array, since
         it is valid to take the address of something with that
         storage specification.  */
      if (extra_warnings)
        {
          tree foo = array;
          while (TREE_CODE (foo) == COMPONENT_REF)
            foo = TREE_OPERAND (foo, 0);
          if (TREE_CODE (foo) == VAR_DECL && DECL_REGISTER (foo))
            warning ("subscripting array declared `register'");
        }

      type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (array));
      rval = build (ARRAY_REF, type, array, idx);
      /* Array ref is const/volatile if the array elements are
         or if the array is..  */
      TREE_READONLY (rval)
        |= (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (type) | TREE_READONLY (array));
      TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (rval)
        |= (CP_TYPE_VOLATILE_P (type) | TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (array));
      TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (rval)
        |= (CP_TYPE_VOLATILE_P (type) | TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (array));
      return require_complete_type (fold (rval));
    }

  {
    tree ar = default_conversion (array);
    tree ind = default_conversion (idx);

    /* Put the integer in IND to simplify error checking.  */
    if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ar)) == INTEGER_TYPE)
      {
        tree temp = ar;
        ar = ind;
        ind = temp;
      }

    if (ar == error_mark_node)
      return ar;

    if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ar)) != POINTER_TYPE)
      {
        error ("subscripted value is neither array nor pointer");
        return error_mark_node;
      }
    if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (ind)) != INTEGER_TYPE)
      {
        error ("array subscript is not an integer");
        return error_mark_node;
      }

    return build_indirect_ref (cp_build_binary_op (PLUS_EXPR, ar, ind),
                               "array indexing");
  }
}
\f
/* Resolve a pointer to member function.  INSTANCE is the object
   instance to use, if the member points to a virtual member.

   This used to avoid checking for virtual functions if basetype
   has no virtual functions, according to an earlier ANSI draft.
   With the final ISO C++ rules, such an optimization is
   incorrect: A pointer to a derived member can be static_cast
   to pointer-to-base-member, as long as the dynamic object
   later has the right member.  */

tree
get_member_function_from_ptrfunc (tree *instance_ptrptr, tree function)
{
  if (TREE_CODE (function) == OFFSET_REF)
    function = TREE_OPERAND (function, 1);

  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (TREE_TYPE (function)))
    {
      tree idx, delta, e1, e2, e3, vtbl, basetype;
      tree fntype = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (function));

      tree instance_ptr = *instance_ptrptr;
      tree instance_save_expr = 0;
      if (instance_ptr == error_mark_node)
        {
          if (TREE_CODE (function) == PTRMEM_CST)
            {
              /* Extracting the function address from a pmf is only
                 allowed with -Wno-pmf-conversions. It only works for
                 pmf constants.  */
              e1 = build_addr_func (PTRMEM_CST_MEMBER (function));
              e1 = convert (fntype, e1);
              return e1;
            }
          else
            {
              error ("object missing in use of `%E'", function);
              return error_mark_node;
            }
        }

      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (instance_ptr))
        instance_ptr = instance_save_expr = save_expr (instance_ptr);

      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (function))
        function = save_expr (function);

      /* Start by extracting all the information from the PMF itself.  */
      e3 = PFN_FROM_PTRMEMFUNC (function);
      delta = build_ptrmemfunc_access_expr (function, delta_identifier);
      idx = build1 (NOP_EXPR, vtable_index_type, e3);
      switch (TARGET_PTRMEMFUNC_VBIT_LOCATION)
        {
        case ptrmemfunc_vbit_in_pfn:
          e1 = cp_build_binary_op (BIT_AND_EXPR, idx, integer_one_node);
          idx = cp_build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, idx, integer_one_node);
          break;

        case ptrmemfunc_vbit_in_delta:
          e1 = cp_build_binary_op (BIT_AND_EXPR, delta, integer_one_node);
          delta = cp_build_binary_op (RSHIFT_EXPR, delta, integer_one_node);
          break;

        default:
          abort ();
        }

      /* Convert down to the right base before using the instance.  First
         use the type...  */
      basetype = TYPE_METHOD_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (fntype));
      basetype = lookup_base (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (instance_ptr)),
                              basetype, ba_check, NULL);
      instance_ptr = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, instance_ptr, basetype, 1);
      if (instance_ptr == error_mark_node)
        return error_mark_node;
      /* ...and then the delta in the PMF.  */
      instance_ptr = build (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (instance_ptr),
                            instance_ptr, delta);

      /* Hand back the adjusted 'this' argument to our caller.  */
      *instance_ptrptr = instance_ptr;

      /* Next extract the vtable pointer from the object.  */
      vtbl = build1 (NOP_EXPR, build_pointer_type (vtbl_ptr_type_node),
                     instance_ptr);
      vtbl = build_indirect_ref (vtbl, NULL);

      /* Finally, extract the function pointer from the vtable.  */
      e2 = fold (build (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (vtbl), vtbl, idx));
      e2 = build_indirect_ref (e2, NULL);
      TREE_CONSTANT (e2) = 1;

      /* When using function descriptors, the address of the
         vtable entry is treated as a function pointer.  */
      if (TARGET_VTABLE_USES_DESCRIPTORS)
        e2 = build1 (NOP_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (e2),
                     build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, e2, /*noconvert=*/1));

      TREE_TYPE (e2) = TREE_TYPE (e3);
      e1 = build_conditional_expr (e1, e2, e3);
      
      /* Make sure this doesn't get evaluated first inside one of the
         branches of the COND_EXPR.  */
      if (instance_save_expr)
        e1 = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (e1),
                    instance_save_expr, e1);

      function = e1;
    }
  return function;
}

tree
build_function_call (tree function, tree params)
{
  tree fntype, fndecl;
  tree coerced_params;
  tree result;
  tree name = NULL_TREE;
  int is_method;
  tree original = function;

  /* build_c_cast puts on a NOP_EXPR to make the result not an lvalue.
     Strip such NOP_EXPRs, since FUNCTION is used in non-lvalue context.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (function) == NOP_EXPR
      && TREE_TYPE (function) == TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (function, 0)))
    function = TREE_OPERAND (function, 0);

  if (TREE_CODE (function) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      name = DECL_NAME (function);

      mark_used (function);
      fndecl = function;

      /* Convert anything with function type to a pointer-to-function.  */
      if (pedantic && DECL_MAIN_P (function))
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids calling `::main' from within program");

      /* Differs from default_conversion by not setting TREE_ADDRESSABLE
         (because calling an inline function does not mean the function
         needs to be separately compiled).  */
      
      if (DECL_INLINE (function))
        function = inline_conversion (function);
      else
        function = build_addr_func (function);
    }
  else
    {
      fndecl = NULL_TREE;

      function = build_addr_func (function);
    }

  if (function == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  fntype = TREE_TYPE (function);

  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (fntype))
    {
      error ("must use .* or ->* to call pointer-to-member function in `%E (...)'",
                original);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  is_method = (TREE_CODE (fntype) == POINTER_TYPE
               && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (fntype)) == METHOD_TYPE);

  if (!((TREE_CODE (fntype) == POINTER_TYPE
         && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (fntype)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
        || is_method
        || TREE_CODE (function) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR))
    {
      error ("`%E' cannot be used as a function", original);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* fntype now gets the type of function pointed to.  */
  fntype = TREE_TYPE (fntype);

  /* Convert the parameters to the types declared in the
     function prototype, or apply default promotions.  */

  coerced_params = convert_arguments (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fntype),
                                      params, fndecl, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  if (coerced_params == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* Check for errors in format strings.  */

  if (warn_format)
    check_function_format (NULL, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (fntype), coerced_params);

  /* Recognize certain built-in functions so we can make tree-codes
     other than CALL_EXPR.  We do this when it enables fold-const.c
     to do something useful.  */

  if (TREE_CODE (function) == ADDR_EXPR
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (function, 0)) == FUNCTION_DECL
      && DECL_BUILT_IN (TREE_OPERAND (function, 0)))
    {
      result = expand_tree_builtin (TREE_OPERAND (function, 0),
                                    params, coerced_params);
      if (result)
        return result;
    }

  return build_cxx_call (function, params, coerced_params);
}
\f
/* Convert the actual parameter expressions in the list VALUES
   to the types in the list TYPELIST.
   If parmdecls is exhausted, or when an element has NULL as its type,
   perform the default conversions.

   NAME is an IDENTIFIER_NODE or 0.  It is used only for error messages.

   This is also where warnings about wrong number of args are generated.
   
   Return a list of expressions for the parameters as converted.

   Both VALUES and the returned value are chains of TREE_LIST nodes
   with the elements of the list in the TREE_VALUE slots of those nodes.

   In C++, unspecified trailing parameters can be filled in with their
   default arguments, if such were specified.  Do so here.  */

tree
convert_arguments (tree typelist, tree values, tree fndecl, int flags)
{
  tree typetail, valtail;
  tree result = NULL_TREE;
  const char *called_thing = 0;
  int i = 0;

  /* Argument passing is always copy-initialization.  */
  flags |= LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING;

  if (fndecl)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)) == METHOD_TYPE)
        {
          if (DECL_NAME (fndecl) == NULL_TREE
              || IDENTIFIER_HAS_TYPE_VALUE (DECL_NAME (fndecl)))
            called_thing = "constructor";
          else
            called_thing = "member function";
        }
      else
        called_thing = "function";
    }

  for (valtail = values, typetail = typelist;
       valtail;
       valtail = TREE_CHAIN (valtail), i++)
    {
      tree type = typetail ? TREE_VALUE (typetail) : 0;
      tree val = TREE_VALUE (valtail);

      if (val == error_mark_node)
        return error_mark_node;

      if (type == void_type_node)
        {
          if (fndecl)
            {
              cp_error_at ("too many arguments to %s `%+#D'", called_thing,
                           fndecl);
              error ("at this point in file");
            }
          else
            error ("too many arguments to function");
          /* In case anybody wants to know if this argument
             list is valid.  */
          if (result)
            TREE_TYPE (tree_last (result)) = error_mark_node;
          break;
        }

      /* build_c_cast puts on a NOP_EXPR to make the result not an lvalue.
         Strip such NOP_EXPRs, since VAL is used in non-lvalue context.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (val) == NOP_EXPR
          && TREE_TYPE (val) == TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (val, 0))
          && (type == 0 || TREE_CODE (type) != REFERENCE_TYPE))
        val = TREE_OPERAND (val, 0);

      if (type == 0 || TREE_CODE (type) != REFERENCE_TYPE)
        {
          if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (val)) == ARRAY_TYPE
              || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (val)) == FUNCTION_TYPE
              || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (val)) == METHOD_TYPE)
            val = decay_conversion (val);
        }

      if (val == error_mark_node)
        return error_mark_node;

      if (type != 0)
        {
          /* Formal parm type is specified by a function prototype.  */
          tree parmval;

          if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (complete_type (type)))
            {
              if (fndecl)
                error ("parameter %P of `%D' has incomplete type `%T'",
                       i, fndecl, type);
              else
                error ("parameter %P has incomplete type `%T'", i, type);
              parmval = error_mark_node;
            }
          else
            {
              parmval = convert_for_initialization
                (NULL_TREE, type, val, flags,
                 "argument passing", fndecl, i);
              parmval = convert_for_arg_passing (type, parmval);
            }

          if (parmval == error_mark_node)
            return error_mark_node;

          result = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, parmval, result);
        }
      else
        {
          if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (val)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
            val = convert_from_reference (val);

          if (fndecl && DECL_BUILT_IN (fndecl)
              && DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (fndecl) == BUILT_IN_CONSTANT_P)
            /* Don't do ellipsis conversion for __built_in_constant_p
               as this will result in spurious warnings for non-POD
               types.  */
            val = require_complete_type (val);
          else
            val = convert_arg_to_ellipsis (val);

          result = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, val, result);
        }

      if (typetail)
        typetail = TREE_CHAIN (typetail);
    }

  if (typetail != 0 && typetail != void_list_node)
    {
      /* See if there are default arguments that can be used.  */
      if (TREE_PURPOSE (typetail) 
          && TREE_CODE (TREE_PURPOSE (typetail)) != DEFAULT_ARG)
        {
          for (; typetail != void_list_node; ++i)
            {
              tree parmval 
                = convert_default_arg (TREE_VALUE (typetail), 
                                       TREE_PURPOSE (typetail), 
                                       fndecl, i);

              if (parmval == error_mark_node)
                return error_mark_node;

              result = tree_cons (0, parmval, result);
              typetail = TREE_CHAIN (typetail);
              /* ends with `...'.  */
              if (typetail == NULL_TREE)
                break;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (fndecl)
            {
              cp_error_at ("too few arguments to %s `%+#D'",
                           called_thing, fndecl);
              error ("at this point in file");
            }
          else
            error ("too few arguments to function");
          return error_mark_list;
        }
    }

  return nreverse (result);
}
\f
/* Build a binary-operation expression, after performing default
   conversions on the operands.  CODE is the kind of expression to build.  */

tree
build_x_binary_op (enum tree_code code, tree arg1, tree arg2, 
                   bool *overloaded_p)
{
  tree orig_arg1;
  tree orig_arg2;
  tree expr;

  orig_arg1 = arg1;
  orig_arg2 = arg2;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      if (type_dependent_expression_p (arg1)
          || type_dependent_expression_p (arg2))
        return build_min_nt (code, arg1, arg2);
      arg1 = build_non_dependent_expr (arg1);
      arg2 = build_non_dependent_expr (arg2);
    }

  if (code == DOTSTAR_EXPR)
    expr = build_m_component_ref (arg1, arg2);
  else
    expr = build_new_op (code, LOOKUP_NORMAL, arg1, arg2, NULL_TREE, 
                         overloaded_p);

  if (processing_template_decl && expr != error_mark_node)
    return build_min_non_dep (code, expr, orig_arg1, orig_arg2);
  
  return expr;
}

/* Build a binary-operation expression without default conversions.
   CODE is the kind of expression to build.
   This function differs from `build' in several ways:
   the data type of the result is computed and recorded in it,
   warnings are generated if arg data types are invalid,
   special handling for addition and subtraction of pointers is known,
   and some optimization is done (operations on narrow ints
   are done in the narrower type when that gives the same result).
   Constant folding is also done before the result is returned.

   Note that the operands will never have enumeral types
   because either they have just had the default conversions performed
   or they have both just been converted to some other type in which
   the arithmetic is to be done.

   C++: must do special pointer arithmetic when implementing
   multiple inheritance, and deal with pointer to member functions.  */

tree
build_binary_op (enum tree_code code, tree orig_op0, tree orig_op1,
                 int convert_p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  tree op0, op1;
  enum tree_code code0, code1;
  tree type0, type1;

  /* Expression code to give to the expression when it is built.
     Normally this is CODE, which is what the caller asked for,
     but in some special cases we change it.  */
  enum tree_code resultcode = code;

  /* Data type in which the computation is to be performed.
     In the simplest cases this is the common type of the arguments.  */
  tree result_type = NULL;

  /* Nonzero means operands have already been type-converted
     in whatever way is necessary.
     Zero means they need to be converted to RESULT_TYPE.  */
  int converted = 0;

  /* Nonzero means create the expression with this type, rather than
     RESULT_TYPE.  */
  tree build_type = 0;

  /* Nonzero means after finally constructing the expression
     convert it to this type.  */
  tree final_type = 0;

  /* Nonzero if this is an operation like MIN or MAX which can
     safely be computed in short if both args are promoted shorts.
     Also implies COMMON.
     -1 indicates a bitwise operation; this makes a difference
     in the exact conditions for when it is safe to do the operation
     in a narrower mode.  */
  int shorten = 0;

  /* Nonzero if this is a comparison operation;
     if both args are promoted shorts, compare the original shorts.
     Also implies COMMON.  */
  int short_compare = 0;

  /* Nonzero if this is a right-shift operation, which can be computed on the
     original short and then promoted if the operand is a promoted short.  */
  int short_shift = 0;

  /* Nonzero means set RESULT_TYPE to the common type of the args.  */
  int common = 0;

  /* Apply default conversions.  */
  op0 = orig_op0;
  op1 = orig_op1;
  
  if (code == TRUTH_AND_EXPR || code == TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR
      || code == TRUTH_OR_EXPR || code == TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR
      || code == TRUTH_XOR_EXPR)
    {
      if (!really_overloaded_fn (op0))
        op0 = decay_conversion (op0);
      if (!really_overloaded_fn (op1))
        op1 = decay_conversion (op1);
    }
  else
    {
      if (!really_overloaded_fn (op0))
        op0 = default_conversion (op0);
      if (!really_overloaded_fn (op1))
        op1 = default_conversion (op1);
    }

  /* Strip NON_LVALUE_EXPRs, etc., since we aren't using as an lvalue.  */
  STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (op0);
  STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (op1);

  /* DTRT if one side is an overloaded function, but complain about it.  */
  if (type_unknown_p (op0))
    {
      tree t = instantiate_type (TREE_TYPE (op1), op0, tf_none);
      if (t != error_mark_node)
        {
          pedwarn ("assuming cast to type `%T' from overloaded function",
                      TREE_TYPE (t));
          op0 = t;
        }
    }
  if (type_unknown_p (op1))
    {
      tree t = instantiate_type (TREE_TYPE (op0), op1, tf_none);
      if (t != error_mark_node)
        {
          pedwarn ("assuming cast to type `%T' from overloaded function",
                      TREE_TYPE (t));
          op1 = t;
        }
    }

  type0 = TREE_TYPE (op0);
  type1 = TREE_TYPE (op1);

  /* The expression codes of the data types of the arguments tell us
     whether the arguments are integers, floating, pointers, etc.  */
  code0 = TREE_CODE (type0);
  code1 = TREE_CODE (type1);

  /* If an error was already reported for one of the arguments,
     avoid reporting another error.  */

  if (code0 == ERROR_MARK || code1 == ERROR_MARK)
    return error_mark_node;

  switch (code)
    {
    case PLUS_EXPR:
      /* Handle the pointer + int case.  */
      if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        return cp_pointer_int_sum (PLUS_EXPR, op0, op1);
      else if (code1 == POINTER_TYPE && code0 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        return cp_pointer_int_sum (PLUS_EXPR, op1, op0);
      else
        common = 1;
      break;

    case MINUS_EXPR:
      /* Subtraction of two similar pointers.
         We must subtract them as integers, then divide by object size.  */
      if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == POINTER_TYPE
          && same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (TREE_TYPE (type0),
                                                        TREE_TYPE (type1)))
        return pointer_diff (op0, op1, common_type (type0, type1));
      /* Handle pointer minus int.  Just like pointer plus int.  */
      else if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        return cp_pointer_int_sum (MINUS_EXPR, op0, op1);
      else
        common = 1;
      break;

    case MULT_EXPR:
      common = 1;
      break;

    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
    case CEIL_DIV_EXPR:
    case FLOOR_DIV_EXPR:
    case ROUND_DIV_EXPR:
    case EXACT_DIV_EXPR:
      if ((code0 == INTEGER_TYPE || code0 == REAL_TYPE
           || code0 == COMPLEX_TYPE)
          && (code1 == INTEGER_TYPE || code1 == REAL_TYPE
              || code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE))
        {
          if (TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST && integer_zerop (op1))
            warning ("division by zero in `%E / 0'", op0);
          else if (TREE_CODE (op1) == REAL_CST && real_zerop (op1))
            warning ("division by zero in `%E / 0.'", op0);
              
          if (!(code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE))
            resultcode = RDIV_EXPR;
          else
            /* When dividing two signed integers, we have to promote to int.
               unless we divide by a constant != -1.  Note that default
               conversion will have been performed on the operands at this
               point, so we have to dig out the original type to find out if
               it was unsigned.  */
            shorten = ((TREE_CODE (op0) == NOP_EXPR
                        && TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (op0, 0))))
                       || (TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST
                           && ! integer_all_onesp (op1)));

          common = 1;
        }
      break;

    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
      if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        shorten = -1;
      break;

    case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
    case FLOOR_MOD_EXPR:
      if (code1 == INTEGER_TYPE && integer_zerop (op1))
        warning ("division by zero in `%E %% 0'", op0);
      else if (code1 == REAL_TYPE && real_zerop (op1))
        warning ("division by zero in `%E %% 0.'", op0);
      
      if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        {
          /* Although it would be tempting to shorten always here, that loses
             on some targets, since the modulo instruction is undefined if the
             quotient can't be represented in the computation mode.  We shorten
             only if unsigned or if dividing by something we know != -1.  */
          shorten = ((TREE_CODE (op0) == NOP_EXPR
                      && TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (op0, 0))))
                     || (TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST
                         && ! integer_all_onesp (op1)));
          common = 1;
        }
      break;

    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_AND_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_OR_EXPR:
      result_type = boolean_type_node;
      break;

      /* Shift operations: result has same type as first operand;
         always convert second operand to int.
         Also set SHORT_SHIFT if shifting rightward.  */

    case RSHIFT_EXPR:
      if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type0;
          if (TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST)
            {
              if (tree_int_cst_lt (op1, integer_zero_node))
                warning ("right shift count is negative");
              else
                {
                  if (! integer_zerop (op1))
                    short_shift = 1;
                  if (compare_tree_int (op1, TYPE_PRECISION (type0)) >= 0)
                    warning ("right shift count >= width of type");
                }
            }
          /* Convert the shift-count to an integer, regardless of
             size of value being shifted.  */
          if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (op1)) != integer_type_node)
            op1 = cp_convert (integer_type_node, op1);
          /* Avoid converting op1 to result_type later.  */
          converted = 1;
        }
      break;

    case LSHIFT_EXPR:
      if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type0;
          if (TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST)
            {
              if (tree_int_cst_lt (op1, integer_zero_node))
                warning ("left shift count is negative");
              else if (compare_tree_int (op1, TYPE_PRECISION (type0)) >= 0)
                warning ("left shift count >= width of type");
            }
          /* Convert the shift-count to an integer, regardless of
             size of value being shifted.  */
          if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (op1)) != integer_type_node)
            op1 = cp_convert (integer_type_node, op1);
          /* Avoid converting op1 to result_type later.  */
          converted = 1;
        }
      break;

    case RROTATE_EXPR:
    case LROTATE_EXPR:
      if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type0;
          if (TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST)
            {
              if (tree_int_cst_lt (op1, integer_zero_node))
                warning ("%s rotate count is negative",
                         (code == LROTATE_EXPR) ? "left" : "right");
              else if (compare_tree_int (op1, TYPE_PRECISION (type0)) >= 0)
                warning ("%s rotate count >= width of type",
                         (code == LROTATE_EXPR) ? "left" : "right");
            }
          /* Convert the shift-count to an integer, regardless of
             size of value being shifted.  */
          if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (op1)) != integer_type_node)
            op1 = cp_convert (integer_type_node, op1);
        }
      break;

    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
      if (warn_float_equal && (code0 == REAL_TYPE || code1 == REAL_TYPE))
        warning ("comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe");

      build_type = boolean_type_node; 
      if ((code0 == INTEGER_TYPE || code0 == REAL_TYPE
           || code0 == COMPLEX_TYPE)
          && (code1 == INTEGER_TYPE || code1 == REAL_TYPE
              || code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE))
        short_compare = 1;
      else if ((code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == POINTER_TYPE)
               || (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type0) && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1)))
        result_type = composite_pointer_type (type0, type1, op0, op1,
                                              "comparison");
      else if ((code0 == POINTER_TYPE || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type0))
               && null_ptr_cst_p (op1))
        result_type = type0;
      else if ((code1 == POINTER_TYPE || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1))
               && null_ptr_cst_p (op0))
        result_type = type1;
      else if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type0;
          error ("ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer");
        }
      else if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == POINTER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type1;
          error ("ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer");
        }
      else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type0) && null_ptr_cst_p (op1))
        {
          op0 = build_ptrmemfunc_access_expr (op0, pfn_identifier);
          op1 = cp_convert (TREE_TYPE (op0), integer_zero_node);
          result_type = TREE_TYPE (op0);
        }
      else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1) && null_ptr_cst_p (op0))
        return cp_build_binary_op (code, op1, op0);
      else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type0) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1)
               && same_type_p (type0, type1))
        {
          /* E will be the final comparison.  */
          tree e;
          /* E1 and E2 are for scratch.  */
          tree e1;
          tree e2;
          tree pfn0;
          tree pfn1;
          tree delta0;
          tree delta1;

          if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (op0))
            op0 = save_expr (op0);
          if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (op1))
            op1 = save_expr (op1);

          /* We generate:

             (op0.pfn == op1.pfn 
              && (!op0.pfn || op0.delta == op1.delta))
             
             The reason for the `!op0.pfn' bit is that a NULL
             pointer-to-member is any member with a zero PFN; the
             DELTA field is unspecified.  */
          pfn0 = pfn_from_ptrmemfunc (op0);
          pfn1 = pfn_from_ptrmemfunc (op1);
          delta0 = build_ptrmemfunc_access_expr (op0,
                                                 delta_identifier);
          delta1 = build_ptrmemfunc_access_expr (op1,
                                                 delta_identifier);
          e1 = cp_build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, delta0, delta1);
          e2 = cp_build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, 
                                   pfn0,
                                   cp_convert (TREE_TYPE (pfn0),
                                               integer_zero_node));
          e1 = cp_build_binary_op (TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR, e1, e2);
          e2 = build (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node, pfn0, pfn1);
          e = cp_build_binary_op (TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR, e2, e1);
          if (code == EQ_EXPR)
            return e;
          return cp_build_binary_op (EQ_EXPR, e, integer_zero_node);
        }
      else if ((TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type0)
                && same_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type0), type1))
               || (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1)
                   && same_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type1), type0)))
        abort ();
      break;

    case MAX_EXPR:
    case MIN_EXPR:
      if ((code0 == INTEGER_TYPE || code0 == REAL_TYPE)
           && (code1 == INTEGER_TYPE || code1 == REAL_TYPE))
        shorten = 1;
      else if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == POINTER_TYPE)
        result_type = composite_pointer_type (type0, type1, op0, op1,
                                              "comparison");
      break;

    case LE_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case LT_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
      build_type = boolean_type_node;
      if ((code0 == INTEGER_TYPE || code0 == REAL_TYPE)
           && (code1 == INTEGER_TYPE || code1 == REAL_TYPE))
        short_compare = 1;
      else if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == POINTER_TYPE)
        result_type = composite_pointer_type (type0, type1, op0, op1,
                                              "comparison");
      else if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && TREE_CODE (op1) == INTEGER_CST
               && integer_zerop (op1))
        result_type = type0;
      else if (code1 == POINTER_TYPE && TREE_CODE (op0) == INTEGER_CST
               && integer_zerop (op0))
        result_type = type1;
      else if (code0 == POINTER_TYPE && code1 == INTEGER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type0;
          pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer");
        }
      else if (code0 == INTEGER_TYPE && code1 == POINTER_TYPE)
        {
          result_type = type1;
          pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer");
        }
      break;

    case UNORDERED_EXPR:
    case ORDERED_EXPR:
    case UNLT_EXPR:
    case UNLE_EXPR:
    case UNGT_EXPR:
    case UNGE_EXPR:
    case UNEQ_EXPR:
      build_type = integer_type_node;
      if (code0 != REAL_TYPE || code1 != REAL_TYPE)
        {
          error ("unordered comparison on non-floating point argument");
          return error_mark_node;
        }
      common = 1;
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  if ((code0 == INTEGER_TYPE || code0 == REAL_TYPE || code0 == COMPLEX_TYPE)
      &&
      (code1 == INTEGER_TYPE || code1 == REAL_TYPE || code1 == COMPLEX_TYPE))
    {
      int none_complex = (code0 != COMPLEX_TYPE && code1 != COMPLEX_TYPE);

      if (shorten || common || short_compare)
        result_type = common_type (type0, type1);

      /* For certain operations (which identify themselves by shorten != 0)
         if both args were extended from the same smaller type,
         do the arithmetic in that type and then extend.

         shorten !=0 and !=1 indicates a bitwise operation.
         For them, this optimization is safe only if
         both args are zero-extended or both are sign-extended.
         Otherwise, we might change the result.
         Eg, (short)-1 | (unsigned short)-1 is (int)-1
         but calculated in (unsigned short) it would be (unsigned short)-1.  */

      if (shorten && none_complex)
        {
          int unsigned0, unsigned1;
          tree arg0 = get_narrower (op0, &unsigned0);
          tree arg1 = get_narrower (op1, &unsigned1);
          /* UNS is 1 if the operation to be done is an unsigned one.  */
          int uns = TYPE_UNSIGNED (result_type);
          tree type;

          final_type = result_type;

          /* Handle the case that OP0 does not *contain* a conversion
             but it *requires* conversion to FINAL_TYPE.  */

          if (op0 == arg0 && TREE_TYPE (op0) != final_type)
            unsigned0 = TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (op0));
          if (op1 == arg1 && TREE_TYPE (op1) != final_type)
            unsigned1 = TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (op1));

          /* Now UNSIGNED0 is 1 if ARG0 zero-extends to FINAL_TYPE.  */

          /* For bitwise operations, signedness of nominal type
             does not matter.  Consider only how operands were extended.  */
          if (shorten == -1)
            uns = unsigned0;

          /* Note that in all three cases below we refrain from optimizing
             an unsigned operation on sign-extended args.
             That would not be valid.  */

          /* Both args variable: if both extended in same way
             from same width, do it in that width.
             Do it unsigned if args were zero-extended.  */
          if ((TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg0))
               < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type))
              && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg1))
                  == TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg0)))
              && unsigned0 == unsigned1
              && (unsigned0 || !uns))
            result_type = c_common_signed_or_unsigned_type
              (unsigned0, common_type (TREE_TYPE (arg0), TREE_TYPE (arg1)));
          else if (TREE_CODE (arg0) == INTEGER_CST
                   && (unsigned1 || !uns)
                   && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg1))
                       < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type))
                   && (type = c_common_signed_or_unsigned_type
                       (unsigned1, TREE_TYPE (arg1)),
                       int_fits_type_p (arg0, type)))
            result_type = type;
          else if (TREE_CODE (arg1) == INTEGER_CST
                   && (unsigned0 || !uns)
                   && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg0))
                       < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type))
                   && (type = c_common_signed_or_unsigned_type
                       (unsigned0, TREE_TYPE (arg0)),
                       int_fits_type_p (arg1, type)))
            result_type = type;
        }

      /* Shifts can be shortened if shifting right.  */

      if (short_shift)
        {
          int unsigned_arg;
          tree arg0 = get_narrower (op0, &unsigned_arg);

          final_type = result_type;

          if (arg0 == op0 && final_type == TREE_TYPE (op0))
            unsigned_arg = TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (op0));

          if (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg0)) < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type)
              /* We can shorten only if the shift count is less than the
                 number of bits in the smaller type size.  */
              && compare_tree_int (op1, TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg0))) < 0
              /* If arg is sign-extended and then unsigned-shifted,
                 we can simulate this with a signed shift in arg's type
                 only if the extended result is at least twice as wide
                 as the arg.  Otherwise, the shift could use up all the
                 ones made by sign-extension and bring in zeros.
                 We can't optimize that case at all, but in most machines
                 it never happens because available widths are 2**N.  */
              && (!TYPE_UNSIGNED (final_type)
                  || unsigned_arg
                  || (((unsigned) 2 * TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg0)))
                      <= TYPE_PRECISION (result_type))))
            {
              /* Do an unsigned shift if the operand was zero-extended.  */
              result_type
                = c_common_signed_or_unsigned_type (unsigned_arg,
                                                    TREE_TYPE (arg0));
              /* Convert value-to-be-shifted to that type.  */
              if (TREE_TYPE (op0) != result_type)
                op0 = cp_convert (result_type, op0);
              converted = 1;
            }
        }

      /* Comparison operations are shortened too but differently.
         They identify themselves by setting short_compare = 1.  */

      if (short_compare)
        {
          /* Don't write &op0, etc., because that would prevent op0
             from being kept in a register.
             Instead, make copies of the our local variables and
             pass the copies by reference, then copy them back afterward.  */
          tree xop0 = op0, xop1 = op1, xresult_type = result_type;
          enum tree_code xresultcode = resultcode;
          tree val 
            = shorten_compare (&xop0, &xop1, &xresult_type, &xresultcode);
          if (val != 0)
            return cp_convert (boolean_type_node, val);
          op0 = xop0, op1 = xop1;
          converted = 1;
          resultcode = xresultcode;
        }

      if ((short_compare || code == MIN_EXPR || code == MAX_EXPR)
          && warn_sign_compare
          /* Do not warn until the template is instantiated; we cannot
             bound the ranges of the arguments until that point.  */
          && !processing_template_decl)
        {
          int op0_signed = !TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (orig_op0));
          int op1_signed = !TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (orig_op1));

          int unsignedp0, unsignedp1;
          tree primop0 = get_narrower (op0, &unsignedp0);
          tree primop1 = get_narrower (op1, &unsignedp1);

          /* Check for comparison of different enum types.  */
          if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (orig_op0)) == ENUMERAL_TYPE 
              && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (orig_op1)) == ENUMERAL_TYPE 
              && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (orig_op0))
                 != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (orig_op1)))
            {
              warning ("comparison between types `%#T' and `%#T'", 
                          TREE_TYPE (orig_op0), TREE_TYPE (orig_op1));
            }

          /* Give warnings for comparisons between signed and unsigned
             quantities that may fail.  */
          /* Do the checking based on the original operand trees, so that
             casts will be considered, but default promotions won't be.  */

          /* Do not warn if the comparison is being done in a signed type,
             since the signed type will only be chosen if it can represent
             all the values of the unsigned type.  */
          if (!TYPE_UNSIGNED (result_type))
            /* OK */;
          /* Do not warn if both operands are unsigned.  */
          else if (op0_signed == op1_signed)
            /* OK */;
          /* Do not warn if the signed quantity is an unsuffixed
             integer literal (or some static constant expression
             involving such literals or a conditional expression
             involving such literals) and it is non-negative.  */
          else if ((op0_signed && tree_expr_nonnegative_p (orig_op0))
                   || (op1_signed && tree_expr_nonnegative_p (orig_op1)))
            /* OK */;
          /* Do not warn if the comparison is an equality operation,
             the unsigned quantity is an integral constant and it does
             not use the most significant bit of result_type.  */
          else if ((resultcode == EQ_EXPR || resultcode == NE_EXPR)
                   && ((op0_signed && TREE_CODE (orig_op1) == INTEGER_CST
                        && int_fits_type_p (orig_op1, c_common_signed_type
                                            (result_type)))
                        || (op1_signed && TREE_CODE (orig_op0) == INTEGER_CST
                            && int_fits_type_p (orig_op0, c_common_signed_type
                                                (result_type)))))
            /* OK */;
          else
            warning ("comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions");

          /* Warn if two unsigned values are being compared in a size
             larger than their original size, and one (and only one) is the
             result of a `~' operator.  This comparison will always fail.

             Also warn if one operand is a constant, and the constant does not
             have all bits set that are set in the ~ operand when it is
             extended.  */

          if ((TREE_CODE (primop0) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
              ^ (TREE_CODE (primop1) == BIT_NOT_EXPR))
            {
              if (TREE_CODE (primop0) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
                primop0 = get_narrower (TREE_OPERAND (op0, 0), &unsignedp0);
              if (TREE_CODE (primop1) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
                primop1 = get_narrower (TREE_OPERAND (op1, 0), &unsignedp1);
              
              if (host_integerp (primop0, 0) || host_integerp (primop1, 0))
                {
                  tree primop;
                  HOST_WIDE_INT constant, mask;
                  int unsignedp;
                  unsigned int bits;

                  if (host_integerp (primop0, 0))
                    {
                      primop = primop1;
                      unsignedp = unsignedp1;
                      constant = tree_low_cst (primop0, 0);
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      primop = primop0;
                      unsignedp = unsignedp0;
                      constant = tree_low_cst (primop1, 0);
                    }

                  bits = TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (primop));
                  if (bits < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type)
                      && bits < HOST_BITS_PER_LONG && unsignedp)
                    {
                      mask = (~ (HOST_WIDE_INT) 0) << bits;
                      if ((mask & constant) != mask)
                        warning ("comparison of promoted ~unsigned with constant");
                    }
                }
              else if (unsignedp0 && unsignedp1
                       && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (primop0))
                           < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type))
                       && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (primop1))
                           < TYPE_PRECISION (result_type)))
                warning ("comparison of promoted ~unsigned with unsigned");
            }
        }
    }

  /* At this point, RESULT_TYPE must be nonzero to avoid an error message.
     If CONVERTED is zero, both args will be converted to type RESULT_TYPE.
     Then the expression will be built.
     It will be given type FINAL_TYPE if that is nonzero;
     otherwise, it will be given type RESULT_TYPE.  */

  if (!result_type)
    {
      error ("invalid operands of types `%T' and `%T' to binary `%O'",
                TREE_TYPE (orig_op0), TREE_TYPE (orig_op1), code);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* Issue warnings about peculiar, but valid, uses of NULL.  */
  if (/* It's reasonable to use pointer values as operands of &&
         and ||, so NULL is no exception.  */
      !(code == TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR || code == TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR)
      && (/* If OP0 is NULL and OP1 is not a pointer, or vice versa.  */
          (orig_op0 == null_node
           && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (op1)) != POINTER_TYPE)
          /* Or vice versa.  */
          || (orig_op1 == null_node
              && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (op0)) != POINTER_TYPE)
          /* Or, both are NULL and the operation was not a comparison.  */
          || (orig_op0 == null_node && orig_op1 == null_node 
              && code != EQ_EXPR && code != NE_EXPR)))
    /* Some sort of arithmetic operation involving NULL was
       performed.  Note that pointer-difference and pointer-addition
       have already been handled above, and so we don't end up here in
       that case.  */
    warning ("NULL used in arithmetic");

  if (! converted)
    {
      if (TREE_TYPE (op0) != result_type)
        op0 = cp_convert (result_type, op0); 
      if (TREE_TYPE (op1) != result_type)
        op1 = cp_convert (result_type, op1); 

      if (op0 == error_mark_node || op1 == error_mark_node)
        return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (build_type == NULL_TREE)
    build_type = result_type;

  {
    tree result = build (resultcode, build_type, op0, op1);
    tree folded;

    folded = fold (result);
    if (folded == result)
      TREE_CONSTANT (folded) = TREE_CONSTANT (op0) & TREE_CONSTANT (op1);
    if (final_type != 0)
      return cp_convert (final_type, folded);
    return folded;
  }
}
\f
/* Return a tree for the sum or difference (RESULTCODE says which)
   of pointer PTROP and integer INTOP.  */

static tree
cp_pointer_int_sum (enum tree_code resultcode, tree ptrop, tree intop)
{
  tree res_type = TREE_TYPE (ptrop);

  /* pointer_int_sum() uses size_in_bytes() on the TREE_TYPE(res_type)
     in certain circumstance (when it's valid to do so).  So we need
     to make sure it's complete.  We don't need to check here, if we
     can actually complete it at all, as those checks will be done in
     pointer_int_sum() anyway.  */
  complete_type (TREE_TYPE (res_type));

  return pointer_int_sum (resultcode, ptrop, fold (intop));
}

/* Return a tree for the difference of pointers OP0 and OP1.
   The resulting tree has type int.  */

static tree
pointer_diff (tree op0, tree op1, tree ptrtype)
{
  tree result, folded;
  tree restype = ptrdiff_type_node;
  tree target_type = TREE_TYPE (ptrtype);

  if (!complete_type_or_else (target_type, NULL_TREE))
    return error_mark_node;

  if (pedantic || warn_pointer_arith)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (target_type) == VOID_TYPE)
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids using pointer of type `void *' in subtraction");
      if (TREE_CODE (target_type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids using pointer to a function in subtraction");
      if (TREE_CODE (target_type) == METHOD_TYPE)
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids using pointer to a method in subtraction");
    }

  /* First do the subtraction as integers;
     then drop through to build the divide operator.  */

  op0 = cp_build_binary_op (MINUS_EXPR, 
                            cp_convert (restype, op0),
                            cp_convert (restype, op1));

  /* This generates an error if op1 is a pointer to an incomplete type.  */
  if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (op1))))
    error ("invalid use of a pointer to an incomplete type in pointer arithmetic");

  op1 = (TYPE_PTROB_P (ptrtype) 
         ? size_in_bytes (target_type)
         : integer_one_node);

  /* Do the division.  */

  result = build (EXACT_DIV_EXPR, restype, op0, cp_convert (restype, op1));

  folded = fold (result);
  if (folded == result)
    TREE_CONSTANT (folded) = TREE_CONSTANT (op0) & TREE_CONSTANT (op1);
  return folded;
}
\f
/* Construct and perhaps optimize a tree representation
   for a unary operation.  CODE, a tree_code, specifies the operation
   and XARG is the operand.  */

tree
build_x_unary_op (enum tree_code code, tree xarg)
{
  tree orig_expr = xarg;
  tree exp;
  int ptrmem = 0;
  
  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      if (type_dependent_expression_p (xarg))
        return build_min_nt (code, xarg, NULL_TREE);
      xarg = build_non_dependent_expr (xarg);
    }

  exp = NULL_TREE;

  /* & rec, on incomplete RECORD_TYPEs is the simple opr &, not an
     error message.  */
  if (code == ADDR_EXPR
      && TREE_CODE (xarg) != TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
      && ((IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (xarg)))
           && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (xarg)))
          || (TREE_CODE (xarg) == OFFSET_REF)))
    /* Don't look for a function.  */;
  else
    exp = build_new_op (code, LOOKUP_NORMAL, xarg, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
                        /*overloaded_p=*/NULL);
  if (!exp && code == ADDR_EXPR)
    {
      /*  A pointer to member-function can be formed only by saying
          &X::mf.  */
      if (!flag_ms_extensions && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (xarg)) == METHOD_TYPE
          && (TREE_CODE (xarg) != OFFSET_REF || !PTRMEM_OK_P (xarg)))
        {
          if (TREE_CODE (xarg) != OFFSET_REF)
            {
              error ("invalid use of '%E' to form a pointer-to-member-function.  Use a qualified-id.",
                     xarg);
              return error_mark_node;
            }
          else
            {
              error ("parenthesis around '%E' cannot be used to form a pointer-to-member-function",
                     xarg);
              PTRMEM_OK_P (xarg) = 1;
            }
        }
      
      if (TREE_CODE (xarg) == OFFSET_REF)
        {
          ptrmem = PTRMEM_OK_P (xarg);
          
          if (!ptrmem && !flag_ms_extensions
              && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (xarg, 1))) == METHOD_TYPE)
            {
              /* A single non-static member, make sure we don't allow a
                 pointer-to-member.  */
              xarg = build (OFFSET_REF, TREE_TYPE (xarg),
                            TREE_OPERAND (xarg, 0),
                            ovl_cons (TREE_OPERAND (xarg, 1), NULL_TREE));
              PTRMEM_OK_P (xarg) = ptrmem;
            }         
        }
      else if (TREE_CODE (xarg) == TARGET_EXPR)
        warning ("taking address of temporary");
      exp = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, xarg, 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (exp) == ADDR_EXPR)
        PTRMEM_OK_P (exp) = ptrmem;
    }

  if (processing_template_decl && exp != error_mark_node)
    return build_min_non_dep (code, exp, orig_expr,
                              /*For {PRE,POST}{INC,DEC}REMENT_EXPR*/NULL_TREE);
  return exp;
}

/* Like c_common_truthvalue_conversion, but handle pointer-to-member
   constants, where a null value is represented by an INTEGER_CST of
   -1.  */

tree
cp_truthvalue_conversion (tree expr)
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
  if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type))
    return build_binary_op (NE_EXPR, expr, integer_zero_node, 1);
  else
    return c_common_truthvalue_conversion (expr);
}

/* Just like cp_truthvalue_conversion, but we want a CLEANUP_POINT_EXPR.  */
   
tree
condition_conversion (tree expr)
{
  tree t;
  if (processing_template_decl)
    return expr;
  t = perform_implicit_conversion (boolean_type_node, expr);
  t = fold (build1 (CLEANUP_POINT_EXPR, boolean_type_node, t));
  return t;
}
                
/* Return an ADDR_EXPR giving the address of T.  This function
   attempts no optimizations or simplifications; it is a low-level
   primitive.  */

tree
build_address (tree t)
{
  tree addr;

  if (error_operand_p (t) || !cxx_mark_addressable (t))
    return error_mark_node;

  addr = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (t)), t);
  if (staticp (t))
    TREE_CONSTANT (addr) = 1;

  return addr;
}

/* Return a NOP_EXPR converting EXPR to TYPE.  */

tree
build_nop (tree type, tree expr)
{
  tree nop;

  if (type == error_mark_node || error_operand_p (expr))
    return expr;
    
  nop = build1 (NOP_EXPR, type, expr);
  if (TREE_CONSTANT (expr))
    TREE_CONSTANT (nop) = 1;
  
  return nop;
}

/* C++: Must handle pointers to members.

   Perhaps type instantiation should be extended to handle conversion
   from aggregates to types we don't yet know we want?  (Or are those
   cases typically errors which should be reported?)

   NOCONVERT nonzero suppresses the default promotions
   (such as from short to int).  */

tree
build_unary_op (enum tree_code code, tree xarg, int noconvert)
{
  /* No default_conversion here.  It causes trouble for ADDR_EXPR.  */
  tree arg = xarg;
  tree argtype = 0;
  const char *errstring = NULL;
  tree val;

  if (arg == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  switch (code)
    {
    case CONVERT_EXPR:
      /* This is used for unary plus, because a CONVERT_EXPR
         is enough to prevent anybody from looking inside for
         associativity, but won't generate any code.  */
      if (!(arg = build_expr_type_conversion
            (WANT_ARITH | WANT_ENUM | WANT_POINTER, arg, true)))
        errstring = "wrong type argument to unary plus";
      else
        {
          if (!noconvert)
           arg = default_conversion (arg);
          arg = build1 (NON_LVALUE_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (arg), arg);
          TREE_CONSTANT (arg) = TREE_CONSTANT (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0));
        }
      break;

    case NEGATE_EXPR:
      if (!(arg = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_ARITH | WANT_ENUM, arg, true)))
        errstring = "wrong type argument to unary minus";
      else if (!noconvert && CP_INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg)))
        arg = perform_integral_promotions (arg);
      break;

    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
        {
          code = CONJ_EXPR;
          if (!noconvert)
            arg = default_conversion (arg);
        }
      else if (!(arg = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_INT | WANT_ENUM,
                                                   arg, true)))
        errstring = "wrong type argument to bit-complement";
      else if (!noconvert)
        arg = perform_integral_promotions (arg);
      break;

    case ABS_EXPR:
      if (!(arg = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_ARITH | WANT_ENUM, arg, true)))
        errstring = "wrong type argument to abs";
      else if (!noconvert)
        arg = default_conversion (arg);
      break;

    case CONJ_EXPR:
      /* Conjugating a real value is a no-op, but allow it anyway.  */
      if (!(arg = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_ARITH | WANT_ENUM, arg, true)))
        errstring = "wrong type argument to conjugation";
      else if (!noconvert)
        arg = default_conversion (arg);
      break;

    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
      arg = perform_implicit_conversion (boolean_type_node, arg);
      val = invert_truthvalue (arg);
      if (arg != error_mark_node)
        return val;
      errstring = "in argument to unary !";
      break;

    case NOP_EXPR:
      break;
      
    case REALPART_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == COMPLEX_CST)
        return TREE_REALPART (arg);
      else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
        return fold (build1 (REALPART_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg)), arg));
      else
        return arg;

    case IMAGPART_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == COMPLEX_CST)
        return TREE_IMAGPART (arg);
      else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
        return fold (build1 (IMAGPART_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg)), arg));
      else
        return cp_convert (TREE_TYPE (arg), integer_zero_node);
      
    case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
      /* Handle complex lvalues (when permitted)
         by reduction to simpler cases.  */

      val = unary_complex_lvalue (code, arg);
      if (val != 0)
        return val;

      /* Increment or decrement the real part of the value,
         and don't change the imaginary part.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
        {
          tree real, imag;

          arg = stabilize_reference (arg);
          real = build_unary_op (REALPART_EXPR, arg, 1);
          imag = build_unary_op (IMAGPART_EXPR, arg, 1);
          return build (COMPLEX_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (arg),
                        build_unary_op (code, real, 1), imag);
        }

      /* Report invalid types.  */

      if (!(arg = build_expr_type_conversion (WANT_ARITH | WANT_POINTER,
                                              arg, true)))
        {
          if (code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR)
            errstring ="no pre-increment operator for type";
          else if (code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
            errstring ="no post-increment operator for type";
          else if (code == PREDECREMENT_EXPR)
            errstring ="no pre-decrement operator for type";
          else
            errstring ="no post-decrement operator for type";
          break;
        }

      /* Report something read-only.  */

      if (CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (arg))
          || TREE_READONLY (arg))
        readonly_error (arg, ((code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR
                               || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
                              ? "increment" : "decrement"),
                        0);

      {
        tree inc;
        tree result_type = TREE_TYPE (arg);

        arg = get_unwidened (arg, 0);
        argtype = TREE_TYPE (arg);

        /* ARM $5.2.5 last annotation says this should be forbidden.  */
        if (TREE_CODE (argtype) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
          pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids %sing an enum",
                   (code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
                   ? "increment" : "decrement");
            
        /* Compute the increment.  */

        if (TREE_CODE (argtype) == POINTER_TYPE)
          {
            tree type = complete_type (TREE_TYPE (argtype));
            
            if (!COMPLETE_OR_VOID_TYPE_P (type))
              error ("cannot %s a pointer to incomplete type `%T'",
                        ((code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR
                          || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
                         ? "increment" : "decrement"), TREE_TYPE (argtype));
            else if ((pedantic || warn_pointer_arith)
                     && !TYPE_PTROB_P (argtype))
              pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids %sing a pointer of type `%T'",
                          ((code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR
                            || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
                           ? "increment" : "decrement"), argtype);
            inc = cxx_sizeof_nowarn (TREE_TYPE (argtype));
          }
        else
          inc = integer_one_node;

        inc = cp_convert (argtype, inc);

        /* Handle incrementing a cast-expression.  */

        switch (TREE_CODE (arg))
          {
          case NOP_EXPR:
          case CONVERT_EXPR:
          case FLOAT_EXPR:
          case FIX_TRUNC_EXPR:
          case FIX_FLOOR_EXPR:
          case FIX_ROUND_EXPR:
          case FIX_CEIL_EXPR:
            {
              tree incremented, modify, value, compound;
              if (! lvalue_p (arg) && pedantic)
                pedwarn ("cast to non-reference type used as lvalue");
              arg = stabilize_reference (arg);
              if (code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR || code == PREDECREMENT_EXPR)
                value = arg;
              else
                value = save_expr (arg);
              incremented = build (((code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR
                                     || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
                                    ? PLUS_EXPR : MINUS_EXPR),
                                   argtype, value, inc);

              modify = build_modify_expr (arg, NOP_EXPR, incremented);
              compound = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (arg), modify, value);

              /* Eliminate warning about unused result of + or -.  */
              TREE_NO_UNUSED_WARNING (compound) = 1;
              return compound;
            }

          default:
            break;
          }

        /* Complain about anything else that is not a true lvalue.  */
        if (!lvalue_or_else (arg, ((code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR
                                    || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
                                   ? "increment" : "decrement")))
          return error_mark_node;

        /* Forbid using -- on `bool'.  */
        if (TREE_TYPE (arg) == boolean_type_node)
          {
            if (code == POSTDECREMENT_EXPR || code == PREDECREMENT_EXPR)
              {
                error ("invalid use of `--' on bool variable `%D'", arg);
                return error_mark_node;
              }
            val = boolean_increment (code, arg);
          }
        else
          val = build (code, TREE_TYPE (arg), arg, inc);

        TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (val) = 1;
        return cp_convert (result_type, val);
      }

    case ADDR_EXPR:
      /* Note that this operation never does default_conversion
         regardless of NOCONVERT.  */

      argtype = lvalue_type (arg);

      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == OFFSET_REF)
        goto offset_ref;

      if (TREE_CODE (argtype) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
        {
          arg = build1
            (CONVERT_EXPR,
             build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (argtype)), arg);
          TREE_CONSTANT (arg) = TREE_CONSTANT (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0));
          return arg;
        }
      else if (pedantic && DECL_MAIN_P (arg))
        /* ARM $3.4 */
        pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids taking address of function `::main'");

      /* Let &* cancel out to simplify resulting code.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == INDIRECT_REF)
        {
          /* We don't need to have `current_class_ptr' wrapped in a
             NON_LVALUE_EXPR node.  */
          if (arg == current_class_ref)
            return current_class_ptr;

          arg = TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0);
          if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
            {
              arg = build1
                (CONVERT_EXPR,
                 build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg))), arg);
              TREE_CONSTANT (arg) = TREE_CONSTANT (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0));
            }
          else if (lvalue_p (arg))
            /* Don't let this be an lvalue.  */
            return non_lvalue (arg);
          return arg;
        }

      /* For &x[y], return x+y.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == ARRAY_REF)
        {
          if (!cxx_mark_addressable (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0)))
            return error_mark_node;
          return cp_build_binary_op (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0),
                                     TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1));
        }

      /* Uninstantiated types are all functions.  Taking the
         address of a function is a no-op, so just return the
         argument.  */

      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
          && IDENTIFIER_OPNAME_P (arg))
        {
          abort ();
          /* We don't know the type yet, so just work around the problem.
             We know that this will resolve to an lvalue.  */
          return build1 (ADDR_EXPR, unknown_type_node, arg);
        }

      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == COMPONENT_REF && type_unknown_p (arg)
          && !really_overloaded_fn (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1)))
        {
          /* They're trying to take the address of a unique non-static
             member function.  This is ill-formed (except in MS-land),
             but let's try to DTRT.
             Note: We only handle unique functions here because we don't
             want to complain if there's a static overload; non-unique
             cases will be handled by instantiate_type.  But we need to
             handle this case here to allow casts on the resulting PMF.
             We could defer this in non-MS mode, but it's easier to give
             a useful error here.  */

          /* Inside constant member functions, the `this' pointer
             contains an extra const qualifier.  TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT
             is used here to remove this const from the diagnostics
             and the created OFFSET_REF.  */
          tree base = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0)));
          tree name = DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (TREE_OPERAND (arg, 1)));

          if (! flag_ms_extensions)
            {
              if (current_class_type
                  && TREE_OPERAND (arg, 0) == current_class_ref)
                /* An expression like &memfn.  */
                pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids taking the address of an unqualified"
                         " or parenthesized non-static member function to form"
                         " a pointer to member function.  Say `&%T::%D'",
                         base, name);
              else
                pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids taking the address of a bound member"
                         " function to form a pointer to member function."
                         "  Say `&%T::%D'",
                         base, name);
            }
          arg = build_offset_ref (base, name, /*address_p=*/true);
        }

    offset_ref:        
      if (type_unknown_p (arg))
        return build1 (ADDR_EXPR, unknown_type_node, arg);
        
      /* Handle complex lvalues (when permitted)
         by reduction to simpler cases.  */
      val = unary_complex_lvalue (code, arg);
      if (val != 0)
        return val;

      switch (TREE_CODE (arg))
        {
        case NOP_EXPR:
        case CONVERT_EXPR:
        case FLOAT_EXPR:
        case FIX_TRUNC_EXPR:
        case FIX_FLOOR_EXPR:
        case FIX_ROUND_EXPR:
        case FIX_CEIL_EXPR:
          if (! lvalue_p (arg) && pedantic)
            pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids taking the address of a cast to a non-lvalue expression");
          break;

        case OVERLOAD:
          arg = OVL_CURRENT (arg);
          break;

        default:
          break;
        }

      /* Allow the address of a constructor if all the elements
         are constant.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (arg) == CONSTRUCTOR && TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (arg)
          && TREE_CONSTANT (arg))
        ;
      /* Anything not already handled and not a true memory reference
         is an error.  */